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child health > nutritional considerations of infants, young children and adolescents > Flashcards

nutritional considerations of infants, young children and adolescents Flashcards

1
Q

why is nutrition important in children?

A
  • essential nutrients to replace losses and to grow new tissues
  • energy is needed to permit metabolic functions
  • needed for maintenance, growth and development
  • needed to develop immunity
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2
Q

should infants be considered as small adults?

A

no

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3
Q

what occurs to babies weight in first 5-6 months?

A

doubles

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4
Q

what occurs to weight in the first year of babies life?

A

it trebles

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5
Q

what leads infants growth?

A

nutrition

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6
Q

what leads a childs growth?

A

growth hormone

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7
Q

what leads a pubertal pre teen/teens growth?

A

sex steroid

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8
Q

what is the Estimated average requirement (EAR)?

A
  • an estimate of the mean requirement of energy or a nutrient
  • 50% of population will need more and 50% will need less
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9
Q

what is RNI (reference nutrient intake)?

A

-the amount of a nutrient that will be adequate for 97.5% of population

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10
Q

what is LRNI?

A

-the nutrient requirement that is sufficient for the 2.5% of population with lowest needs

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11
Q

what is malnutrition?

A

-deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in individuals’ intake or energy and/or nutrients

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12
Q

what is wasting?

A
  • low weight for height

- usually caused by a short term malnutrition

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13
Q

what is stunting?

A
  • low height for age

- usually caused by long term poor nutrition

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14
Q

what is underweight?

A
  • low weight for age

- may be stunted, wasted or both

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15
Q

what is the reference nutrient intake (RNI) for protein per day in infants aged 4-18 months?

A

12.7-14.5g

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16
Q

how much salt is recommended for infants 0-12months per day?

A

<400mg (1g)

17
Q

how much salt is recommended for infants 1-3 years per day?

A

<800mg (2g)

18
Q

what is calcium used for?

A
  • teeth and bone mineralization
  • nerve impulse transmission
  • wound healing
  • muscle contraction
  • cellular metabolism
19
Q

Tru or False

Breast feeding is not recommended

A

false- breast feeding is recommended for the first six months of an infant’s life

20
Q

at what age should a child start accepting solid foods?

A

age of 6 months

-this is necessary as breast milk, infant formula will not meet nutritional needs

21
Q

what should a baby drink at 6 months?

A
  • breast mill, infant formula and water should be the only drinks offered after 6 months
  • no unmodified cow’s milk to be given as main drink under 12 months
22
Q

when can babies have full fat cows milk?

A

-it can be used in cooking from 6-9 months

23
Q

when can a baby be given semi-skimmed milk?

A

2 years

24
Q

when can a baby be given skimmed milk?

A

5 years old

25
Q

what food is recommended as first foods when baby is wheening?

A

-vegetables, baby rice mixed with milk and fruit

26
Q

how should foods that may cause allergies be introduced?

A
  • one at a time

e. g. cereaks with gluten, eggs, nuts, soya, fish, other milk

27
Q

when should iron rich foods such as red meat, fish and pulses be introduced?

A

around 6 months

28
Q

when can whole nuts and seeds be eaten?

A

5 years

29
Q

how often should a baby from 6-8 months be eating?

A

2-3 times a day

30
Q

how often should a baby from 9-11 months and 12-14 months be eating?

A 
9-11months= 3-4 times
12-14months= 3-4 times plus nutritious snacks
31
Q

what are some indications that a child is ready to start solid feeding?

A
  • sitting position with some/no support and can control its head
  • can pick up things accurately
  • can swallow food
  • these signs usually do not begin together before 6 months (this is why complementary feeding is not ready until then)
31
Q

what are some indications that a chi

A
  • sitting position with some/no support and can control its head
  • can pick up things accurately
  • can swallow food
  • these signs usually do not begin together before 6 months (this is why complementary feeding is not ready until then)
32
Q

what is associated with early introduction of solid food?

A
  • living in a deprived area
  • opinion of the infant’s maternal grandmother
  • personal disagreement with advice to wait until baby was 4 months
  • lack of encouragement from friends to wait until baby was 4 months
  • being in receipt of free samples of manufactures baby food
  • maternal smoking
  • obesity
  • formula feeding
33
Q

what are the health benefits of breast feeding for first 6 months of life?

A
  • improves immune system (fewer infections, less likely to go to hospital)
  • lowers risk of SIDS (sudden infants death syndrome)
  • lowers childhood obesity
  • greater likelihood of higher IQ
  • lowers risk of CVD, T2DM and hypertension
34
Q

factors associated with a child being overweight or obese?

A
  • mother overweight
  • frequent snacking on crispis/sweets
  • skipping breakfast
  • not eating main meal at dining area
  • low parental supervision
  • mother has long term health condition
  • no ‘child-friendly’ neighbourhood
34
Q

factors associated with a child being overweight or obese?

A
  • mother overweight
  • frequent snacking on crispis/sweets
  • skipping breakfast
  • not eating main meal at dining area
  • low parental supervision
  • mother has long term health condition
  • no ‘child-friendly’ neighbourhood
35
Q

what are some public interventions to help with nutrition/health?

A
  • best start (welfare food scheme)
  • child smile (dental programme)
  • child healthy weight
  • physical activity programme
  • community food and health programme

child health (28 decks)

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