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child health > high yield- viral/ bacterial infections > Flashcards

high yield- viral/ bacterial infections Flashcards

1
Q

how does meningitis present in general + in neonates?

A

SPECIFIC TO NEONATES:

  • bulging fontanelle
  • hypothermia
  • poor feeding
  • hypotonia

GENERAL:

  • NON BLANCHING RASH
  • neck stiffness
  • photophobia
  • fever
  • vomiting
  • loss of consciousness + seizures
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2
Q

tests for suspected meningitis?

A

Kernigs Test: (Kernigs= Knee)
+ve test= pain
-bend knee 90 degrees, slowly stretch

Brudkinskis Test
+ve test= involuntary flexion of hip + knee
-patient lies down and brings chin to chest

LUMBAR PUNCTURE!! (between L3-L4)

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3
Q

Appearance of bacteria, viral and TB cause of meningitis on lumbar puncture?

A 
Bacteria= cloudy
Viral= clear
TB= cloudy
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4
Q

protein in sample from lumbar puncture of bacteria, viral and TB cause of meningitis?

A 
bacteria= low
viral= normal
TB= low
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5
Q

glucose in sample of lumbar puncture in patient with bacterial, viral or TB meningitis?

A

bacterial= low
viral= normal
TB=low

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6
Q

WCC in sample from lumbar puncture of someone with bacterial, viral or TB meningitis?

A 
bacterial= High (neutrophils)
Viral= high (15-1000 lymphocytes)
TB= high (30-300 lymphocytes)
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7
Q

bacteria culture of lumbar puncture for bacterial, viral or TB meningitis

A 
bacteria= bacteria in culture
viral= no bacteria
TB= bacteria in culture
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8
Q

cause of meningitis 0-3 months?

A

GEL

Group B strep (specific <3 months)
E.coli (specific <3 months)
L. monocytogens (also found >60 years and immunocompromised)

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9
Q

cause of meningitis 3months- 6 years?

A

H. influenza (only found in 3 months- 6 years)

N. meningitidis
Strep. pneumoniae

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10
Q

cause of meningitis 6-60 years?

A

N. meningitis

Strep. pneumoniae

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11
Q

cause of meningitis >60 years?

A

N. meningitidis
Strep. pneumoniae

L. monocytogenes (only found in <3 months, >60 years and immunocompromised)

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12
Q

meningitis treatment community GP?

A

call 999
administer IM or IV benzylpenicillin

POST EXPOSURE:
-rifampicin + ciprofloxacin (ciprofloxacin is preferred)

(we cam Really Close to catching meningitis)

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13
Q

meningitis treatment hospital?

A
  • Lumbar puncture
  • Bloods for culture

<3 months amoxicillin + cefotaxime
>3 months cefTRIaxone + dexamethasome

(only give dexamethasome if bacteria)

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14
Q

causes of UTI?

A

E.coli (80%):
-gram neg rod shaped anaerobe, coliform bacterium

Vesicoureteric reflux (35%)

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15
Q

treatment for lower UTI?

A

<3 months= amoxicillin + genatmycin

>3 months= trimethoprim + notrofurentoin

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16
Q

cause of measles?

A

RNA virus

-paramyxovirus

17
Q

presenation of measles?

A
  • Kolpik spots (white spots on buccal mucosa)
  • Rash starts behind ears and spreads across body

mEARsles

18
Q

treatment for measles?

A
  • tell public health

- supportive

19
Q

most common complication from measles?

A

otitis media

20
Q

most common cause of death from measles?

21
Q

what may occur 1-2 week after exposure to measles?

A

encelopathy

22
Q

cause of rubella?

23
Q

presentation of rubella?

A
  • fever
  • pink/ red maculopapular rash on face + body
  • lymphadenopathy
24
Q

when is fetus at highest risk of rubella and why?

A

first 8-10 weeks of pregnancy

Rubella is a TRCH organism and so can cause cerebral palsy

25
Q

cause of scarlet fever?

A

group A strep pyogenes

26
Q

scarlet fever presentation?

A
  • strawberry tongue
  • fine punctuate erythema (rash) that starts on trunk and spares to soles, palms and around the mouth
  • sore throat

Scarlet fevere, Sore throat, Strawberry tongue

27
Q

treatment for scarlet fever?

A
  • oral penicillin (10 days)
  • notify public health
  • can return to school 24 hours after antibiotics start
28
Q

cause of chickenpox?

A

varicella zoster

29
Q

presentation of chicken pox?

A
  • brief fever
  • very itchy rash

macular> papular> vesicles > scabs

30
Q

treatment to stop chicken pox itch?

A

-Calamine lotion

‘calmine calms the itch’

31
Q

cause of mumps?

A

paramyxovirus

32
Q

presentation mumps?

A
  • fever, fatigue

- parotitis (earache/ pain on eating)

33
Q

treatment for mumps?

A

-rest + paracetamol

34
Q

complication post pubertal males with mumps?

A

Orchiditis (inflammation of testes)

35
Q

cause of erythema infectiosum (slapped cheeks)?

A

Parvovirus B19

36
Q

presentation erythema infectiosum?

A
  • red cheeks

- erythema on face, proximal + extensor surfaces

37
Q

complications of erythema infectiosum?

A
  • sickle cell anaemia (sickle cell crisis)
  • aplastic anaemia
  • spontaneous abortions in pregnancy <20wks
38
Q

cause of hand, foot and mout?

A

Coxsackie virus A16

39
Q

treatment for hand, foot and mouth?

A

self limiting

goes away after about 1 week

child health (28 decks)

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