Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCBG > Nutrition, Diet and body weight > Flashcards

Nutrition, Diet and body weight Flashcards

1
Q

Catabolic processes

A

break down of molecules to release energy in the form of reducing power

the reducing power can be used in anabolic processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anabolic processes

A

uses energy and raw materials to make larger molecules for growth and maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is biosynthetic work?

A

synthesis of cellular components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is mechanical work?

A

muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is electrical work?

A

nervous contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What form of energy do cells use to drive energy-requiring activities?

A

chemical bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

SI unit of food energy

A

kj

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is 1 kcal?

A

amount of energy needed to raise temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree celsius

4.2 kilojoules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why cant we break down cellulose?

A

we do not have the enzymes to break the cellulose beta 1,4 glycosidic bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why do we need to maintain plasma glucose?

A

red blood cells cannot make glucose as they have no mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 9 essential amino acids?

A

if learned this huge list may prove truly valuable?

isoleucine
lysine
tryptophan
histidine
leucine
methionine
phenylalanine
threonine
valine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the conditionally essential amino acids?

A

tyrosine and cysteine and arginine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is high quality protein?

A

protein of animal origin all essential amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are lower quality proteins?

A

proteins from plant origin- most are deficient in more than one essential amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are essential fatty acids?

A

linoleic and linolenic acids- cannot be synthesised in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are fibres essential for?

A

cant be broken down by human digestive enzymes but essential for normal functioning of gastrointestinal tract

fibres also reduce cholesterol and a risk of diabetes

17
Q

What are the consequences of a low fibre intake?

A

constipation and bowel cancer

18
Q

How much energy does 70kg male need?

58kg woman?

A

12,000kj

9500kj

19
Q

What is basal metabolic rate?

A

energy we need to keep our body system going

  • ion transport across membranes
  • biochemical reactions

30% is used by skeletal muscle

20
Q

How to calculate BMI?

A

Weight/height squared

kg/m squared

21
Q 
What the desirable weight?
underweight 
overweight
obese
severely obese
A 
<18.5
18.5 - 24.9 
25 - 29.9 
30 - 34.9 
>35
22
Q

What are the risks of having a greater fat distribution in the upper body compared to the hips?

A 
insulin resistance
hyperinsulinsm 
type 2 diabetes 
hypertension
hyperlipidaemia 
stroke
premature death
23
Q

What are the components of daily energy expenditure?

A

Basal metabolic rate

Diet induced thermogenesis- energy required to process food

Physical activity level-

24
Q

What is basal metabolic rate

A

The rate at which the body uses energy while at rest to maintain such as vital functions such as keeping warm and breathing

25
Q

RNI

A

Reference nutrient intake

26
Q

EAR

A

Estimated average requirement of energy

27
Q

LRNI

A

Lower reference nutrient intake

Values below the LNRI are insufficient for most people

28
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins

A

A D E K

29
Q

Deficiency in A

A

Dryness of eyeballs

Xerophthalmia

30
Q

Deficiency in D.

A

Rickets

Soft bones due to abnormal calcium metabolism

Vit D regulates the number of phosphate and calcium

31
Q

Deficiency in E

A

Nerve and muscle damage

Vit E is required for the protection of oxidative damage

32
Q

Deficiency in K

A

Defective blood clotting

33
Q

What can a deficiency in vitamin B12 lead to

A

Anaemia

Macrolytic

34
Q

What causes muscle wasting

A
  • Lack of energy intake/ glucose from diet
  • glycogen stores already being mobilised
  • fat stores too are constantly being mobilised releasing fatty acids
  • fatty acids are being converted into ketone bodies via B oxidation
  • Ketone bodies are important to supply energy needed for red blood cell production and the maintenance of the CNS
  • Once these above energy stores are exhausted as a result of depletion, muscle protein is broken down to release amino acids for gluconeogenesis to occur
35
Q

what is refeeding syndrome?

A

Marasmus is due to insufficient food (including protein). Due to the lack of necessary nutrients, esp protein, liver cannot synthesise albumina and lipoproteins.

this leads to the downregulation of enzymes involved in the urea cycle. This, in turn, means protein cannot be digested (hydrolysed) completely therefore toxic levels of ammonia buildup in the body

36
Q

What is a dietary source of fibre

A

cellulose
gums
pectin
lignins

MCBG (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions