Energy reactions in cells Flashcards
What is metabolism?
the set of processes which derive energy and raw materials from food stuffs and use them to support, repair, growth, and activity of tissues of the body to sustain life
What are catabolic pathways?
breakdown larger molecules into smaller ones (intermediary metabolites)
-oxidative - release h atoms- reducing power
What are anabolic pathways?
- synthesise larger important cellular components from intermediary metabolites
- use energy released from catabolism
- reductive
How much energy is required for basal metabolic rate?
1700kcal men 70kg
1400 kcal women 58kg
How much energy is required for muscular work?
1000 - 3000 kcal
How much energy is required for specific dynamic action of food?
150kcal
What does isothermal mean?
cant use heat energy to work will overheat
What is exergonic?
occur spontaneously
negative change in free energy
What is endergonic?
positive change in free energy
not spontaneous
requires energy input
OIL RIG
oXIDATION IS LOSS
REDUCTION IS GAIN
What are H carrier molecules?
when fuel molecules are oxidised electrons and protons are transferred to carrier molecules
NAD
NADP
FAD
What is the reduced form of NAD
NADP and FAD?
NADH AND H
NADP AND H
FADH2
What do the h carrier molecules act as…
reducing powers for atp production and biosynthesis
How can energy released during oxidative metabolism be used?
directly- example use of NADPH in biosynthesis
indirectly- mitochondrial system to couple NADH to the production of an intermediate ‘energy currency’ molecule- ATP
What happens when the concentration of ATP increases?
anabolic pathways activated
What happens when the concentration of ATP decreases?
catabolic pathways are activated
What enzyme converts 2ADP to ATP + AMP?
Adenylate kinase
What do the high energy signals do?
activate anabolic pathways ATP NADH NADPH FADH2
What do low energy signals do?
activate catabolic pathways
ADP, AMP
NAD+
NADP+
FAD
When is phosphocreatine made?
when ATP levels are high
creatine + ATP = Creatine phosphate + ADP
How is creatine kinase an indictator of a MI?
creatine kinase is produced from mypcyes when damaged in MI
appears in blood
diagnostic of MI
What is creatinine used as in clinical setting?
it is produced at a constant rate
excreted by kidneys
creatinine in urine is a marker of urine dilation
can be used to estimate the true urinary loss of many substances
