Nutrition Chapter 4

Question 1

What are carbs?

Answer 1

Grains, veggies, fruits, nuts, legumes, etc. Found primarily in plant-based foods!

Question 2

Carbs are NOT the most desirable form of energy for the body. T/F?

Answer 2

FALSE. They are!

Question 3

What are some types of carbs?

Answer 3

Sugars, Starch, Glycogen, Fiber

Question 4

AMDR for Carbs

Answer 4

45-65%

Question 5

Where do carbs come from?

Answer 5

Plants convert the sun’s energy into glucose by photosynthesis.

Question 6

Three Monosaccharides

Answer 6

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

Question 7

Disaccharides - 3

Answer 7

Maltose (glucose+glucose)
Sucrose (table sugar - glucose+fructose)
Lactose (milk sugar - glucose + galactose.)

Question 8

Complex carbs - polysaccharides are..

Answer 8

long chains and branches of sugars linked together.

Question 9

Amylose

Answer 9

straight chains of glucose units

Question 10

Amylopectin

Answer 10

branched chains of glucose units.

Question 11

Fiber - def

Answer 11

part of a plant that we eat but can’t digest. Like, cellulose, hemicellulose, etc.

Question 12

Dietary Fiber - def

Answer 12

naturally found in foods.

Question 13

Functional fiber - def

Answer 13

added to food for beneficial effect, like psyllium added to cereals.

Question 14

Fiber is classified by its affinity for water. T/F?

Answer 14

TRUE.

Question 15

Soluble fiber - def

Answer 15

dissolves in water and is fermented by intestinal bacteria.

Question 16

Insoluble fiber - def

Answer 16

cellulose, heicellulose, lignin, etc. - Move rapidly through the GI tract - laxative effect!

Question 17

Glycogen - def

Answer 17

storage form of glucose in humans and animals. Stored in liver and muscle cells.

Question 18

Grains - def

Answer 18

important staple and source of nutrition.

Question 19

Enriched grains - def

Answer 19

folic acid, thiamin, niacin, riboflavin and iron added to restore some of the lost nutrition.

Question 20

Whole grains contain…

Answer 20

all three parts of kernel.

Question 21

You digest carbs where?

Answer 21

In your mouth and your intestines.

Question 22

Lactose -def

Answer 22

principal carb found in dairy products.

Question 23

Lactose Intolerance - def

Answer 23

when lactose maldigestion results in nausea, cramps, etc.

Question 24

Tips for tolerating lactose -

Answer 24

add it gradually to your diet, etc.

Question 25

Minimum amount of carbs needed per day -

Answer 25

130grams.

Question 26

Fiber - amount needed per day.

Answer 26

Roughly 30 - 10 per meal, as Mary says! As Americans, we only get about 15!

Question 27

Liver glycogen stores depleted after about ___ hours.

Answer 27

18.

Question 28

Ketosis - def

Answer 28

elevated blood levels of ketone bodies after fasting about two days.

Question 29

Naturally occuring sugars - found in…

Answer 29

nature!

Question 30

Empty calories are part of…

Answer 30

Artificial sweeteners!

Question 31

Diabetes Mellitus -

Answer 31

individual has high blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin or insulin resistance.

Question 32

Type 1 Diabetes -

Answer 32

5-10 percent of cases - autoimmune disease - insulin producing cells in pancreas destroyed.

Question 33

Type 2 Diabetes -

Answer 33

90 to 95 percent of cases. Cells are resistant to insulin.

Question 34

Prediabetes -

Answer 34

impaired glucose tolerance.

Question 35

Gestational diabetes -

Answer 35

diabetes during pregnancy.

Question 36

Diagnosing Diabetes -

Answer 36

126 - Diabetes

Question 37

Diabetes - ___ leading cause of death in the US.

Answer 37

6th.

Question 38

AIC should be less than…

Answer 38

7%

Question 39

Hypoglycemia - blood glucose level below…

Answer 39

70mg/dl