Nutrition Chapter 1 Flashcards
Nutrients - def
chemical compounds in foods to provide fuel for energy (measured in kilocalories), growth, maintenance and to regulate body processes.
Six classes of nutrients
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Water
Phytochemicals
nonnutrient compounds that contribute to health and may play a role in fighting chronic disease.
What drives our food choices?
Cost, Taste/Culture, Social reasons, Habits/Emotions
Nutrition - def
a science that studies how nutrients and compounds in foods nourish and affect body functions and health.
True/False - Good nutrition plays a role in reducing the risk of many chronic diseases?
TRUE.
Macronutrients - def
energy-yielding nutrients needed in higher amounts. - carbs, lipids, proteins.
Micronutrients - def
needed in smaller amounts - like vitamins and water.
Six classes of nutrients are not essential - T/F?
FALSE. They are very essential!
How much energy do carbs, fats, and protein provide?
Carbs - 4kcal/g
Proteins - 4kcal/g
Fats - 9kcal/g
Basic info on Carbs
supply glucose, a major energy source.
Basic info on Fats
another major food source. cushion organs.
Proteins - basic info
Growth and maintenance of muscle, tissues, organs. Making hormones, etc.
Vitamins and minerals are not essential for metabolism..T/F?
FALSE. They are!
Vitamins are __ compounds and minerals are __ compounds.
Organic/Inorganic.
You are what you ___
eat.
The best way to meet your nutrient needs is with a _____
well balanced diet.
Average American diet is high in …
sodium, saturated fat, calories.
Average American diet is low in….
Vitamin E, Calcium, fiber.
__ % of american adults are overweight.
65%
__ % of children are overweight
15%
Healthy People 2020 - some goals/def.
Disease prevention and health promotion objectives for Americans to meet in the second decade of twenty-first century. Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death, achieve health equity, etc.
Consensus - def
the opinion of a group of experts based on collection of information.
Rickets - what is it?
Severe vitamin D deficiency.
We should read studies and media reports carefully. We should also look for how it was done, when, and on who. T/F?
TRUE.
Steps of the Scientific Method (4)
- Observe and ask a question.
- Formulate a hypothesis.
- Conduct an experiment.
- Prove/Not Prove.
Observational Research - def
involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationship to certain health outcomes.
Epidemiological research - def
study of populations of people.
Experimental research - def
involves at least two groups of subjects.
Experimental group - is given…
given a specific treatment
Control group.. is given
a placebo
Double-blind-placebo-controlled
gold standard. No one really knows who is getting what!
Registered Dietician -
bachelor’s degree. Passed an exam to get the title.
Public Health Nutritionist -
has a degree in nutrition but may not be an RD. Not eligible to take the certification exam.
Nutritional Genomics - def
study of how specific food components affect gene expression in your cells and thereby your health.
Low Calories - <___
<40
Low Fat - <___
<3gram
Low Sodium – <___
<140mg
