Nutrition - Chapter 15 - Life Cycle Nutrition - Pregnancy Through Infancy Flashcards
A man’s diet and lifestyle do not affect the health of his sperm. T/F?
False - it does! Smoking and alcohol and such can decrease sperm production.
Women do/do not need to adopt a health lifestyle before conception.
DO NEED TO!
Women who could get pregnant need to have adequate levels of…
FOLIC ACID!
During the first trimester, the fertilized egg develops into a ___.
Fetus.
A full-term pregnancy is approximately ___ weeks long and divided into ___ trimesters.
40/3 trimesters.
The moment of ___ marks the first trimester.
Conception.
During the first few days, the fertilized egg travels down the ___ tube to emboded itself in the lining of the ____.
Fallopian/uterus.
After the 8th week of pregnancy, the developing embryo is called a fetus. T/F?
True!
A newly fertilized ovum is about the size of a period at the end of this sentence, and it’s called a ___.
Zygote.
Embryo - weeks ___ to 8.
3-8.
Fetus - __ weeks to ___.
8 weeks to birth.
Morning sickness - can happen any time of the day. T/F?
True!
Underweight Women (BMI less than 18.5) should gain ___ pounds during pregnancy.
28-40 pounds.
Healthy Weight Women (BMI 18.5-24.9) should gain ___ pounds during pregnancy.
25-35 pounds.
Overweight Women (BMI 25-29.9) should gain __ pounds during pregnancy.
15-25 pounds.
Obese Women (BMI > 30) should gain ___ pounds during pregnancy.
At least 15 pounds.
A pregnant woman needs certain vitamins and minerals in higher quantities. T/F?
True!
Vegans need to ensure __ ___ and Vitamin ___ needs are met.
Linolenic Acid and Vitamin B12
Pregnant women - use a ton of sugar substitutes. T/F?
False - use them in moderation!
Pregnancy increases the risk of food-bourne illnesses. T/F?
True!
Critical Periods - def
developmental stages which cells and tissue rapidly grow and differentiate to form body structures.
Pregnant women need ___ additional calories per day during the second trimester.
340.
Gestational Diabetes - def
high blood glucose levels develop after about twentieth week of pregnancy.
Macrosomia - def
large baby weighing more than 8lbs, 13 oz.
Pregnancy-induced hypertension - def
includes gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia.
Gestational Hypertension - def
high blood pressure develops about halfway through pregnancy.
Preeclampsia - def
includes hypertension, severe edema, and protein in urine. Treatment = bed rest, etc.
Eclampsia - def
can cause seizures in mother and is major cause of death of women during pregnancy.
Eating frequent, small meals and a high-fiber diet can help with ___ and ___.
Heartburn and constipation.
Lactation - prolactin produces…
milk in breast and oxytocin causes milk to be released (let-down.)
Breast-feeding helps with…
pregnancy recovery.
Breast-feeding protects against….
infections, allergies, chronic diseases, etc.
Colostrum - fluid produced…
after birth that contains antibodies, protein, minerals, vitamin A.
Breast-milk is high in …
lactose, fat, B Vitamins.
Breast-milk - over half ___.
Fat.
Breast-milk may help with ___ development.
Brain!
During first 6 months, breast-feeding mother produces about ___ quart breast milk daily and a little over ___ quart/day in second 6 months.
3/4 for first 6 months.
1/2 for second 6 months.
All women can breast-milk. T/F?
False - some women can’t, like those with HIV, active TB, etc.
Infants with ___ shouldn’t be breast-fed.
Galactosemia (they can’t metabolize lactose.)
Formula isn’t a good alternative to breast-milk. T/F?
False - it is a good alternative!
Infants and eating - parents responsible for ___. Infants responsible for ___ and ___.
Parents - what food is offered.
Infants - when they eat and how much they eat.
Infants - ___ weight by 6 months; ___ by 12 months.
Double/Triple.
Failure to thrive (FTT) - delayed …
in physical growth or size or does not gain enough weight.
Fat should be limited in infants. T/F?
False!
Infants - need KID. T/F?
True - Potassium, Iron, Vitamin D.
Solid foods may be introduced once certain milestones are met at…..
about 6 months.
At 6 months, infant iron stores are depleted. T/F?
True!
Introduce __ new food per week with kids.
one!
Avoid common food allergens. T/F?
True!
Food Allergy - def
an abnormal reaction by immune system to a particular food.
Food Intolerance - def
an adverse reaction to a food that does not involve an immune response.
Anaphylactic Reactions - def
life threatening reaction that causes constriction of airways in lungs which inhibit breathing.
Infants should be put on weight loss diets. T/F?
FALSE - they should never be!
