nutrition and pregnancy Flashcards
pregnant females with these conditions have increased energy needs
hyperemesis gravidarum
IBD
Cystic Fibrosis
excessive weight gain in pregnant women who are obese increases the risk of
gestational diabetes
gestational HTN
pre-eclampsia
macrosomia
women with multiple’s (twins/triplets) are at risk for
giving birth to low weight/premature babies
nutrition assessment for pregnant women includes assessment of
pre gravid nutrition status
current nutrition status
pre gravid weight
assess metabolic conditions such as diabetes, obesity and IBS
inadequate maternal weight gain is associated with
LBW and SGA infants
what is the most common micronutrient deficiency in pregnancy
iron deficiency
which micronutrients should be assessed in pregnancy
iron, folate, B12, calcium, zinc
to assess energy and protein needs for pregnant female use____ ir ___ weight
pre-gravid
ideal body weight
extra calories are not needed in the ____ trimester
first
closely monitor weight gain of the fetus to assess for possible
intrauterine growth restriction
on average ___ extra calories are needed in the second trimester and ___ kcal extra are needed in the third trimester
340 kcals
452 kcals
protein turnover is at the highest during what trimester(s) of pregnancy
2nd & third trimesters
for a singleton, ___ g/kg/protein/day is needed in early pregnancy and ___g/kg for late pregnancy
- 2g/kg/day
1. 52 g/kg/day
target fasting blood glucose in T2DM and GDM is
95 mg/dL
1 hour Prost prandial target blood glucose for T2DM and GDM is
140mg/dL or less
__to___% of total calories should come from fat in pregnancy
20-35%
_____ fatty acids especially _____ &___ are important in fetal brain and central nervous system development
alpha linoleic acids (omega 3’s) DHA and EPA
increased need for this micronutrient is essential for forth and fetal development. Deficiency increases the risk for the development of neural tube defects therefore should be supplemented early in pregnancy
folic acid
____ deficiency in the fetus is associated with vision impairment and growth restriction
vitamin A
_____ toxicity has bee linked to spontaneous abortion and birth defects
vitamin A
_____ deficiency can contribute to neonatal hypocalcemia and or rickets
vitamin D
in addition to omega 3 fatty acids and folic acid, ___ and ___ are micronutrients necessary for brain development and nervous system development
zinc and iodine
indications for EN in pregnancy include
hyperemesis gravidarum
non functioning GI tract
trauma
critical illness
what type of artificial nutrition method is preferred in hyperemesis gravidarum, IBD and intestinal stricture
Enteral Nutrition
when providing parenteral nutrition, hyperglycemia risk is elevated in pregnancy. a target blood glucose of ____ will avoid complications
140mg/dL
if a pregnant female is not allergic to fish ILE’s with ___ should be use in long term PN
Fish oil ILE with DHA
severe intractable nausea and vomiting with dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, ketosis, nutrition deficiency and at least 5% weight loss are symptoms of
hyperemesis gravidarum
before EN or PN is considered in hyperemesis gravidarum what methods can be used
small, frequent melas anti emetics low fat, high carb foods avoid trigger foods with strong odors Vitamin B6 supplementation
