Nutrition and Fluids Flashcards
The person’s diet affects
physical and mental well
Nutrition is
the processes involved in the ingestion, digestion, absorption, and use of foods and fluids by the body.
Foods and fluids contain .
nutrients
Nutrients are grouped into
fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and water.
What nutrient is the most important?
Protein
Carbohydrates provide
energy and fiber for bowel elimination.
Which nutrient provides energy?
Fat
Vitamins are needed for
certain body functions.
Minerals are used for
many body processes.
Water is needed for
all body processes.
Food labels contain information about:
- Serving size and the number of servings in each package
- Calories and calories from fat
- Nutrients
Which nutrient is needed for tissue growth and repair?
Protein
Calcium’s major functions
Forming teeth and bones, blood clots, muscle contraction, heart function, nerve function
Phosphorus’s major functions
Forming bones and teeth; use of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates; nerve and muscle function
Iron’s major functions
Allows red blood cells to carry oxygen
Iodine’s major functions
Thyroid gland function, growth, metabolis,
Sodium’s major functions
Fluid balance, nerve and muscle function
Potassium’s major functions
Nerve function, muscle contraction, heart function
Sodium causes the body to
retain water, therefore the heart has to work harder.
Sodium control decreases
the amount of sodium in the body.
Diabetes meal plan
- A meal plan for healthy eating is developed.
* Consistency is key.
Dysphagia means
difficulty swallowing.
Clear liquid diet
-food liquid at body temperature that leave small amounts of residue; non-irritating and non-gas forming
Full liquid diet-
foods liquid at room temperature or that melt at body temperature
High-fiber diet-
foods that increase residue and fiber in the colon to stimulate peristalsis
Bland diet-
foods that are non-irritating and low in roughage; foods served at moderate temperatures; no strong spices or condiments
HIgh-calorie diet
-3000 to 4000 calories daily; includes 3 full meals and between-meal snacks
Calorie-controlled diet
-adequate nutrients while controlling calories to promote weight loss and reduce body fat
Edema
If fluid intake exceeds fluid output, body tissues swell with water.
To find out what type of diet a client should be receiving, it would be BEST for the nurse aide to check:
In the client’s care plan
About how many mL are required for normal fluid balance
2000 to 2500 mL
Nothing by mouth (NPO):
the person cannot eat or drink anything.
NPO
Nothing by mouth
Intake and output (I&O) records
Records input and output
Output includes
urine, vomitus, diarrhea, and wound drainage.
Intake and output are measured in
milliliters (mL).
The “danger Zone” recognized by the FDA is between
40°F and 140°F.
A calorie is:
.The fuel or energy value of food
Anorexia is the:
Loss of appitite
Aspiration is:
Breathing of fluid, food, vomitus, or an object into the lungs
Daily value is:
How a serving fits into the daily diet
Dehydration is:
A decrease in the amount of water in body tissues
To be sure that a client’s weight is measured accurately, the client should be weighed
At the same time of day
To convert four ounces of liquid to milliliters (ml), the nurse aide should multiply 4 by
30 ml
Your resident consumed a bowl of soup that was 180 cc of liquid. How many ounces was that?
6 oz
Meal trays have arrived. Before serving each tray, the nurse aide should
Check each armband, even on familiar patients
