Body Structure and function

Question 1

The basic unit of body structure is the

Answer 1

cell.

Question 2

cell membrane is the

Answer 2

outer covering it encloses the cell and helps it hold its shape.

Question 3

nucleus is

Answer 3

the control center of the cell.

Question 4

cytoplasm

Answer 4

surrounds the nucleus.

Question 5

Epithelial tissue

Answer 5

Covers internal and external body surfaces.

Question 6

Connective tissue

Answer 6

anchors, connects, and supports other tissues.

Question 7

Groups of cells with similar functions combine to form

Answer 7

tissues.

Question 8

Muscle tissue

Answer 8

stretches and contracts to let the body move.

Question 9

Nerve tissue

Answer 9

receives and carries impulses to the brain and back to body parts

Question 10

Groups of tissues with the same function form .

Answer 10

organs

Question 11

Systems are formed by

Answer 11

organs that work together to perform special functions.

Question 12

integumentary system

Answer 12

The skin

Question 13

The largest system is the

Answer 13

integumentary system

Question 14

epidermis

Answer 14

The outer layer of the skin

Question 15

Dermis

Answer 15

The Inner layer of the skin

Question 16

The musculoskeletal system provides

Answer 16

the framework for the body.

Question 17

Long bones

Answer 17

bear the body’s weight

Question 18

Short bones

Answer 18

allow skill and ease in movement

Question 19

Flat bones

Answer 19

protect the organs

Question 20

Irregular bones

Answer 20

allow various degrees of movement and flexibility.

Question 21

Bone marrow forms

Answer 21

blood cells.

Question 22

A joint is

Answer 22

the point at which two or more bones meet.

Question 23

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer 23

allows movement in all directions.

Question 24

Hinge joint

Answer 24

allows movement in one direction.

Question 25

Pivot joint

Answer 25

allows turning from side to side.

Question 26

Voluntary muscles

Answer 26

can be consciously controlled.

Question 27

Involuntary muscles

Answer 27

work automatically.

Question 28

Cardiac muscle

Answer 28

is in the heart, it is an involuntary muscle.

Question 29

The three functions of muscles

Answer 29

■Movement of body parts ■Maintenance of posture or muscle tone ■Production of body heat

Question 30

Sphincters

Answer 30

■Circular bands of muscle fibers | ■Constrict (narrow) a passage

Question 31

What is the term for a device used to take the place of a missing body part?

Answer 31

Prosthesis

Question 32

Exercises that can help maintain the movement of joints are called...

Answer 32

Range of motion

Question 33

nervous system

Answer 33

controls, directs, and coordinates body functions.

Question 34

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 34

consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 35

peripheral nervous system

Answer 35

involves the nerves throughout the body.

Question 36

CNS

Answer 36

Central Nervous System

Question 37

The three main parts of the brain

Answer 37

■Cerebrum ■Cerebellum ■Brainstem

Question 38

The spinal cord lies

Answer 38

within the spinal column.

Question 39

The brain and spinal cord are covered and protected by

Answer 39

three layers of connective tissue called meninges.

Question 40

The peripheral nervous system has

Answer 40

12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

Question 41

Cranial nerves conduct...

Answer 41

impulses between the brain and the head, neck, chest, and abdomen.

Question 42

Spinal nerves carry...

Answer 42

impulses from the skin, extremities, and the internal structures not supplied by cranial nerves.

Question 43

The five senses are

Answer 43

sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch.

Question 44

How many layers does the eye have?

Answer 44

Three

Question 45

Receptors for vision are in the

Answer 45

eyes

Question 46

The sclera is the

Answer 46

Eye's outer layer

Question 47

The choroid is the

Answer 47

Eye's second layer.

Question 48

The retina is the

Answer 48

Eye's inner layer.

Question 49

The ear functions in

Answer 49

hearing and balance.

Question 50

The external ear is called

Answer 50

the pinna or auricle.

Question 51

What does the eardrum do?

Answer 51

Separates the external and middle ear.

Question 52

Tympanic membrane

Answer 52

eardrum

Question 53

The middle ear contains

Answer 53

the eustachian tube and three small bones called ossicles.

Question 54

The ossicles are the

Answer 54

malleus, the incus, and the stapes

Question 55

The inner ear consists of

Answer 55

the semicircular canals and the cochlea.