Body Structure and function Flashcards
The basic unit of body structure is the
cell.
cell membrane is the
outer covering it encloses the cell and helps it hold its shape.
nucleus is
the control center of the cell.
cytoplasm
surrounds the nucleus.
Epithelial tissue
Covers internal and external body surfaces.
Connective tissue
anchors, connects, and supports other tissues.
Groups of cells with similar functions combine to form
tissues.
Muscle tissue
stretches and contracts to let the body move.
Nerve tissue
receives and carries impulses to the brain and back to body parts
Groups of tissues with the same function form .
organs
Systems are formed by
organs that work together to perform special functions.
integumentary system
The skin
The largest system is the
integumentary system
epidermis
The outer layer of the skin
Dermis
The Inner layer of the skin
The musculoskeletal system provides
the framework for the body.
Long bones
bear the body’s weight
Short bones
allow skill and ease in movement
Flat bones
protect the organs
Irregular bones
allow various degrees of movement and flexibility.
Bone marrow forms
blood cells.
A joint is
the point at which two or more bones meet.
Ball-and-socket joint
allows movement in all directions.
Hinge joint
allows movement in one direction.
Pivot joint
allows turning from side to side.
Voluntary muscles
can be consciously controlled.
Involuntary muscles
work automatically.
Cardiac muscle
is in the heart, it is an involuntary muscle.
The three functions of muscles
■Movement of body parts
■Maintenance of posture or muscle tone
■Production of body heat
Sphincters
■Circular bands of muscle fibers
■Constrict (narrow) a passage
What is the term for a device used to take the place of a missing body part?
Prosthesis
Exercises that can help maintain the movement of joints are called…
Range of motion
nervous system
controls, directs, and coordinates body functions.
central nervous system (CNS)
consists of the brain and spinal cord.
peripheral nervous system
involves the nerves throughout the body.
CNS
Central Nervous System
The three main parts of the brain
■Cerebrum
■Cerebellum
■Brainstem
The spinal cord lies
within the spinal column.
The brain and spinal cord are covered and protected by
three layers of connective tissue called meninges.
The peripheral nervous system has
12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
Cranial nerves conduct…
impulses between the brain and the head, neck, chest, and abdomen.
Spinal nerves carry…
impulses from the skin, extremities, and the internal structures not supplied by cranial nerves.
The five senses are
sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch.
How many layers does the eye have?
Three
Receptors for vision are in the
eyes
The sclera is the
Eye’s outer layer
The choroid is the
Eye’s second layer.
The retina is the
Eye’s inner layer.
The ear functions in
hearing and balance.
The external ear is called
the pinna or auricle.
What does the eardrum do?
Separates the external and middle ear.
Tympanic membrane
eardrum
The middle ear contains
the eustachian tube and three small bones called ossicles.
The ossicles are the
malleus, the incus, and the stapes
The inner ear consists of
the semicircular canals and the cochlea.
