Nutrition Flashcards
-dietary fiber: composed of complex carbohydrates and other plant substances that are not broken down by digestive enzymes -can be water soluble or insoluble but both forms contribute to normal function of GI system -soluble: facilitates excretion of cholesterol, controls abrupt increases in blood glucose levels, contributes to normal bowel function -insoluble: improves bowel function, contributes to feeling of fullness (can lead to modest weight loss)
Fiber
-makes up about 75% of the body -vital necessity to human life -feeds cells and organs, lubricates joints, regulates body temperature, aids digestion
Water
-organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and form amino acids (building blocks of protein molecule) -9 essential amino acids that must be consumed because the body cannot synthesize them (make up a complete protein) -essential for all intracellular processes and as enzymes that facilitate all chemical reactions in the body -come from animal products, dairy, beans and tofu
Proteins
-lipid-containing compounds that are necessary for cell wall integrity, energy storage and protection of all body organs against injury -cholesterol is a type of fat that exists in two forms (LDL- bad and HDL- good) -saturated: solid at room temperature (bad); raise bad cholesterol -unsaturated: liquid at room temperature; facilitates removal of excess cholesterol from body - recommended to consume balanced diet that provides unsaturated fats and limited animal fats
Fats
foods that contain plentiful amounts of iodine
Shellfish, eggs and milk
-weight control -diabetes -cardiovascular disease -hypertension -cancer -lactose sensitivity/intolerance -gluten-free -food allergies
Special Dietary Needs
-organic (containing carbon) compounds that are converted into energy for the body -ex: simple: refined table sugar; complex: pasta, rice, fiber
Carbohydrates
-metals and nonmetals including sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorous, magnesium, calcium and sulfur -necessary for fluid balance, transmission of nervous impulses, bone maintenance, blood clotting, healthy teeth, protein synthesis and cardiac-impulse conduction -generally consumed in adequate amounts from a balanced diet
Minerals/Electrolytes
refers to a patient who has not eaten anything for a period of 12 hours or longer
Basal State
the chemical energy production structure of the cell that powers the cell’s metabolic activities
Mitochondria
-organic compounds necessary for blood clotting, immune function, maintenance of teeth and the action of enzymes -two classes: fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) that can be stored in the body if excessively taken in and water-soluble (B-complex and C) that are not stored in the body and excess amount are excreted in urine -present in fruits, vegetables, fish, organ meats and dairy
Vitamins
-anorexia nervosa -bulimia -binge-eating disorder
Eating Disorders
