Nutrition Flashcards
Colostrum is produced over how many days of lactation
First 2 days
Whey to casein ration in mature human milk
3:2
Type of breastmilk that is watery and high in lactose and protein
Foremilk
Type of breastmilk that is high in fat and creamy
Hind milk
Mature milk can be seen during what day of lactation?
10-14 days
Breast milk has more compared to human milk except
KID
Vitamin K
Iron
Vitamin D
Definitive test for GERD
Esophageal pH probe
GERD in infants peaks at what age and mostly resolve by what age
4 mos peak
Resolve by 12 months
Management for intractable GERD
Fundoplication
This micronutrient deficiency presents as vesiculobullous, eczematous, dry scaly or psoriasiform ledions in the perioral and perianal areas
Chronic diarrhea,stomatitis, glossitis, acrodermatitis enterohepatica
Zinc
This micronutrient deficiency present as generalized scaly dermatitis, alopecia and thrombocytopenia
Essential fatty acids
This micronutrient deficiency presents as alopecia with neurological symptoms
Biotin
These vitamin deficiency may both present as follicular hyperkeratosis
Vitamin A and C
Oval or triangular spot of keratinized epithelium in the conjunctiva in Vitamin A deficiency
Bitot spot
This content of this vitamin in human milk depends on maternal sources
Vitamin D
Disease of growing bones which occur in children only before fusion of epiphysis
Rickets
Seen in rickets, widening of the costochondral junction
Rachitic rosary
Seen in rickets, softening of the cranial bones
Craniotabes
Seen in rickets, horizontal depression along the anterior chest due to pulling of the softened ribs by the diaphragm during inspiration
Harrison groove
Seen in rickets, valgus deformity of 1 leg with varus deformity of the other leg
Windswept deformity
This type of VKDB is seen during 1-14 days of age due to decreased stores at birth, poor transfer of vitamin K across placenta
Early VKDB
This type of VKDB occurs at birth due to maternal medications like warfarin, phenobarbital and phenytoin
Third VKDB
Seen in scurvy, costochondral junction and depression of the sternum
Scorbutic rosary
Vitamin deficiency: Bowlegs or knock knees Caput quadratum, periostisl osteoid Craniotabes Ping pong ball sensation Rachitic rosary, pigeon chest Harrison groove
Vitamin D
Vitamin deficiency:
White line on end of shafts
Scorbutic rosary
Vitamin C
Vitamin deficiency:
Pellagra
Casal necklace
Glove and boot lesions
Niacin
Vitamin deficiency:
Perieche- angular cheilosis
B2
Vitamin deficiency: Bitot spot Xerosis conjunctivae Hyperostosis Absence of metaphyseal changes
Vitamin A
Deficiency in this trace element is associated with skin ulcers, reduced immunity and hypogonadal dwarfism
Zinc
Irritability, pruritus, painful extremities with brawny swelling, coarse hair, dry skin, seborrhea and increased intracranial pressure occurs in this hypervitaminosis
A
Most common vitamin deficiency associated with a corn based diet
Niacin
In children with malnutrition, the most seriously compromised immunologic function is
Antibody production
Greatest risk of undernutrition occurs during
The 1st 1000 days (0-24 months)
Term for compensation in severe acute malnutrition
Reductive adaptation
Diagnosis of severe acute malnutrition can be done when weight for length is below -3SD or for children 6-59 months if the midupper arm circumference is
<115 mm
Hallmark of refeeding syndrome
Hypophosphatemia
Obesity occurs most frequently in these ages
1 year old
5-6 years old
Adolescence
Rare complication of extreme exogenous obesity in which patients have severe cardio respiratory distress, polycythemia, hypoxemia, cyanosis, CHF, somnolence
Pickwickian syndrome
Pickwickian syndrome is usually seen in what genetic disease?
Prader Willi
Goal of treatment in obesity
Weight maintenance
Weight loss for skeletally mature
