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Step 1 Immunology > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Thiamine is

A

B1

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2
Q

Riboflavin is

A

B2

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3
Q

Niacin is

A

B3

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4
Q

Pantothenic acid is

A

B5

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5
Q

Pyridoxine is

A

B6

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6
Q

Biotin is

A

B7

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7
Q

Folate is

A

B9

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8
Q

Cobalamin is

A

B12

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9
Q

Ascorbic acid is

A

Vitamin C

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10
Q

Retinol is

A

Vitamin A

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11
Q

Tocopherol/tocotrienol is

A

Vitamin E

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12
Q

Phytomenadione/phylloquinone/phytonadione is

A

Vitamin K

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13
Q

Vitamin used in measles

A

Vitamin A

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14
Q

Vitamin used in AML subtype M3

A

Vitamin A

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15
Q

Prevents squamous metaplasia

A

Vitamin A

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16
Q

Vitamin A deficiency (4)

A

Night blindness
Dry, scaly skin
Keratomalacia/Bitot spots
Immunosuppression

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17
Q

Teratogenic vitamin?

A

Vitamin A

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18
Q

Acute vitamin A toxicity? (4)

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Vertigo
Blurred vision

19
Q

Chronic vitamin A toxicity? (2)

A

Hepatic toxicity/HM

Pseudotumor cerebri

20
Q

B1 function? (4)

A

TPP is a cofactor for:

1) Pyruvate dehydrogenase (glycolysis–>TCA cycle)
2) α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle)
3) Transketolase (HMP–>glycolysis)
4) Branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BC amino acid excretion)

21
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

1) Cause?
2) Classic triad?
3) Other Sxs?
4) Structures damaged?
5) Tx?

A

Cause: B1 (thiamine) deficiency

Classic triad: confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia

Other Sxs: confabulation, serious memory loss, personality change

Damaged: medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus, mammillary bodies

Tx: prompt administration of IV thiamine

22
Q

Beri-beri

1) Cause?
2) Types and Sxs?

A

Cause: B1 (thiamine) deficiency

Dry Beri-beri: polyneuritis, symmetric muscle wasting

Wet Beri-beri: heart failure and edema

23
Q

B2 function?

A

Makes FAD and FMN; utilized in redox rxns–e.g. in TCA

24
Q

B2 deficiency?

A

Cheilosis, corneal vascularization (2 C’s)

25
Q

B3 function?

A

Makes NAD+ and NADP+; utilized in redox reactions

26
Q

Vitamin used to treat dyslipidemia?

A

B3 (Niacin). Lowers VLDL, raises HDL

27
Q

Hartnup disease:

1) Defect?
2) Sxs?
3) Treatment?

A

Defect: autosomal recessive deficiency of neutral amino acid transporters in proximal renal tubule and enterocytes, causing excretion and poor absorption of tryptophan

Sxs: Pellagra (Diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis)

Tx: high protein diet and niacin supplementation

28
Q

Mild B3 deficiency?

A

Glossitis

29
Q

Severe B3 deficiency?

A

Pellagra (3 D’s)

1) Diarrhea
2) Dementia (+ hallucinations)
3) Dermatitis (C3/C4 distribution “broad collar rash”, hyperpigmentation of sun exposed limbs)

30
Q

B3 toxicity? (3)

A

Flushing (via PGs; take aspirin)
Hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia

31
Q

Causes of pellagra? (3)

A

1) Hartnup disease (Trp excretion/malabsorption)
2) Carcinoid syndrome (↑Trp → serotonin)
3) Isoniazid (B6 required for synthesis)

32
Q

B5 function? (3 major)

A

Component of CoA: Fatty acid/cholesterol synthesis, ACh synthesis, glycolysis–>TCA

33
Q

B5 deficiency? (1)

A

Adrenal insufficiency

34
Q

B6 function? (4 major)

A

As PLP, cofactor in:

1) Neurotransmitter synthesis
2) Heme synthesis
3) Niacin (B3) synthesis
4) Conversion of homocysteine to cysteine

35
Q

B6 deficiency?

A

1) Neuro: peripheral neuropathy, hyper-irritability, convulsions
2) Sideroblastic anemia (↓heme production + ↑free Fe)

36
Q

B7 function?

A

Cofactor in carboxylation reactions

37
Q

B7 deficiency can be caused by?

A 
Antibiotic use (endogenous production in gut)
Excessive ingestion of raw egg whites (Avidin binding)
38
Q

B9 function?

A

As THF:

1) synthesis of DNA/RNA bases

39
Q

Where is B9 absorbed?

A

Jejunum

40
Q

B9 deficiency?

A

1) Megaloblastic anemia (w/hypersegmented neutrophils and macrocytes)
2) Glossitis
3) NO NEURO Sxs

41
Q

Vitamin given to expecting mothers to prevent neural tube defects?

A

B9

42
Q

Labs differentiating B9 and B12 deficiency?

A

B9: ↑homocysteine, NL methylmalonic acid
B12: ↑homocysteine, ↑ methylmalonic acid

43
Q

B12 function? (2)

A

1) Replenishes THF (B9)

2) Generates methionine from homocysteine, which participates in myelination/DNA synthesis

Step 1 Immunology (13 decks)

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