Nutrition

Question 1

Thiamine is

Answer 1

B1

Question 2

Riboflavin is

Answer 2

B2

Question 3

Niacin is

Answer 3

B3

Question 4

Pantothenic acid is

Answer 4

B5

Question 5

Pyridoxine is

Answer 5

B6

Question 6

Biotin is

Answer 6

B7

Question 7

Folate is

Answer 7

B9

Question 8

Cobalamin is

Answer 8

B12

Question 9

Ascorbic acid is

Answer 9

Vitamin C

Question 10

Retinol is

Answer 10

Vitamin A

Question 11

Tocopherol/tocotrienol is

Answer 11

Vitamin E

Question 12

Phytomenadione/phylloquinone/phytonadione is

Answer 12

Vitamin K

Question 13

Vitamin used in measles

Answer 13

Vitamin A

Question 14

Vitamin used in AML subtype M3

Answer 14

Vitamin A

Question 15

Prevents squamous metaplasia

Answer 15

Vitamin A

Question 16

Vitamin A deficiency (4)

Answer 16

Night blindness
Dry, scaly skin
Keratomalacia/Bitot spots
Immunosuppression

Question 17

Teratogenic vitamin?

Answer 17

Vitamin A

Question 18

Acute vitamin A toxicity? (4)

Answer 18

Nausea
Vomiting
Vertigo
Blurred vision

Question 19

Chronic vitamin A toxicity? (2)

Answer 19

Hepatic toxicity/HM

Pseudotumor cerebri

Question 20

B1 function? (4)

Answer 20

TPP is a cofactor for:

1) Pyruvate dehydrogenase (glycolysis–>TCA cycle)
2) α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle)
3) Transketolase (HMP–>glycolysis)
4) Branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BC amino acid excretion)

Question 21

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

1) Cause?
2) Classic triad?
3) Other Sxs?
4) Structures damaged?
5) Tx?

Answer 21

Cause: B1 (thiamine) deficiency

Classic triad: confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia

Other Sxs: confabulation, serious memory loss, personality change

Damaged: medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus, mammillary bodies

Tx: prompt administration of IV thiamine

Question 22

Beri-beri

1) Cause?
2) Types and Sxs?

Answer 22

Cause: B1 (thiamine) deficiency

Dry Beri-beri: polyneuritis, symmetric muscle wasting

Wet Beri-beri: heart failure and edema

Question 23

B2 function?

Answer 23

Makes FAD and FMN; utilized in redox rxns–e.g. in TCA

Question 24

B2 deficiency?

Answer 24

Cheilosis, corneal vascularization (2 C’s)

Question 25

B3 function?

Answer 25

Makes NAD+ and NADP+; utilized in redox reactions

Question 26

Vitamin used to treat dyslipidemia?

Answer 26

B3 (Niacin). Lowers VLDL, raises HDL

Question 27

Hartnup disease: 1) Defect? 2) Sxs? 3) Treatment?

Answer 27

Defect: autosomal recessive deficiency of neutral amino acid transporters in proximal renal tubule and enterocytes, causing excretion and poor absorption of tryptophan Sxs: Pellagra (Diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis) Tx: high protein diet and niacin supplementation

Question 28

Mild B3 deficiency?

Answer 28

Glossitis

Question 29

Severe B3 deficiency?

Answer 29

Pellagra (3 D's) 1) Diarrhea 2) Dementia (+ hallucinations) 3) Dermatitis (C3/C4 distribution "broad collar rash", hyperpigmentation of sun exposed limbs)

Question 30

B3 toxicity? (3)

Answer 30

Flushing (via PGs; take aspirin) Hyperglycemia Hyperuricemia

Question 31

Causes of pellagra? (3)

Answer 31

1) Hartnup disease (Trp excretion/malabsorption) 2) Carcinoid syndrome (↑Trp → serotonin) 3) Isoniazid (B6 required for synthesis)

Question 32

B5 function? (3 major)

Answer 32

Component of CoA: Fatty acid/cholesterol synthesis, ACh synthesis, glycolysis-->TCA

Question 33

B5 deficiency? (1)

Answer 33

Adrenal insufficiency

Question 34

B6 function? (4 major)

Answer 34

As PLP, cofactor in: 1) Neurotransmitter synthesis 2) Heme synthesis 3) Niacin (B3) synthesis 4) Conversion of homocysteine to cysteine

Question 35

B6 deficiency?

Answer 35

1) Neuro: peripheral neuropathy, hyper-irritability, convulsions 2) Sideroblastic anemia (↓heme production + ↑free Fe)

Question 36

B7 function?

Answer 36

Cofactor in carboxylation reactions

Question 37

B7 deficiency can be caused by?

Answer 37

``` Antibiotic use (endogenous production in gut) Excessive ingestion of raw egg whites (Avidin binding) ```

Question 38

B9 function?

Answer 38

As THF: | 1) synthesis of DNA/RNA bases

Question 39

Where is B9 absorbed?

Answer 39

Jejunum

Question 40

B9 deficiency?

Answer 40

1) Megaloblastic anemia (w/hypersegmented neutrophils and macrocytes) 2) Glossitis 3) NO NEURO Sxs

Question 41

Vitamin given to expecting mothers to prevent neural tube defects?

Answer 41

B9

Question 42

Labs differentiating B9 and B12 deficiency?

Answer 42

B9: ↑homocysteine, NL methylmalonic acid B12: ↑homocysteine, ↑ methylmalonic acid

Question 43

B12 function? (2)

Answer 43

1) Replenishes THF (B9) | 2) Generates methionine from homocysteine, which participates in myelination/DNA synthesis