Nutrition Flashcards
Source and function of proteins?
Meat, fish, cheese, eggs, beans, peas and nuts.
Function: All cells contain protein so it is needed for the growth and repair of tissues. Many compound in the body are made of protein, including enzymes.
Source and function of lipids?
Meat, butter, cheese, milk, eggs, oily fish, olive oil
Function: provides insulation and helps protect the internal organs. Lipids are an essential part of the structure if all cells.
Source and function of calcium?
Dairy products, fish, bread and vegetables
Function:
Essential for the production of strong teeth and bones
Source and function of vitamin A?
Fish liver oils, butter, liver, margarine and carrots
Function:
Involved in the production of a chemical in the retina, protects the surface of the eye
Source and function of vitamin C?
Vitamin c is found in fresh fruit and vegetables
Function:
Vitamin c sticks together cells lining surfaces such as the mouth, maintains healthy gums and prevents scurvy
Source and function of vitamin D?
Fish liver oils and sunlight
Function:
Helps the bones to absorb calcium and phosphate
Source and function of iron?
Red meat, liver, eggs and certain vegetables (e.g. spinach)
Function:
Important for the production of haemoglobin in red blood cells, helps the blood carry oxygen
What 2 additional nutrition groups are required for the body?
Water and fibre
What is energy content measured in?
Kilojoules
How much energy do lipids have in relation to carbohydrates and proteins?
Lipids have more energy than carbohydrates and proteins
How much energy does a person need to keep healthy?
It varies depending on age, sex and pregnancy
It also varies with the size and amount of exersize they do
What is digestion?
The chemical and mechanical breakdown of food. It converts large insoluble molecules into small soluble ones which can be absorbed into the blood.
What page are you about to go to to revise diagrams of digestion?
Page 13 (of revision booklet)
What is peristalsis?
Food passed down the oesophagus due to alternate contraction and relaxation of the longitudinal and circular muscles
What is adapted to absorb digested food?
The ileum
What is the term given to the passing of food down the oesophagus?
Peristalsis
Why do we need food?
To supply us with fuel for energy
To provide materials for growth and repair of tissues
To help fight disease and keep our bodies healthy
What are the five groups of food substances that should be present in a healthy diet?
Carbohydrates Protein Lipid Minerals Vitamins
Source and function of carbohydrates?
Glucose is normally found in sweet tasting foods and vegetables
Starch is found in patatos, rice, wheat and millet.
Function: body’s main fuel for supplying cells with energy, released during respiration
How is the ileum adapted and why?
Adapted to absorb digested food
The lining has a very large surface area, which is increased due to tiny projections called villi and microvilli
It is long a coiled, which increases SA
What is an enzyme?
A biologic catalyst
a chemical which speeds up a reaction without itself being used up
What 2 factors can affect the activity of enzymes?
Temperature and pH
What is the term given to the condition at which an enzyme works best?
The optimum condition
What happens if an enzyme is exposed to high temperatures/wrong conditions?
The shape of the active site changes so that the substrate no longer fits inside it.
The enzyme no longer works and becomes denatured.
