Kidney Test Flashcards
Each kidney is supplies blood though ???
The renal artery
Why is the blood from the kidney entering at a high pressure?
It leads from the body’s main artery: the aorta
Where does filtered blood pass out of?
The renal vein
What passes out of the kidneys through the ureter?
Urine
Label the 7 main features on a kidney
GO!
What is a nephron/kidney tubule?
Microscopic tubes that filter the blood
What does the cortex contain?
Tiny blood vessels that branch from the renal artery
What is the medulla?
The middle layer of the kidney
What is the middle layer of the kidney called?
The medulla
What happens when urine is passed to the tips of pyramids?
Urine is emptied into the renal pelvis, which connects to the ureter and carries the urine to the bladder.
What is a glomerulus?
A ball of blood capillaries which sits inside the Bowman’s capsule
In a nephron, what comes after the Bowman’s capsule?
Proximal convoluted tubule
What happens in the proximal convoluted tubule?
Useful substances such as glucose, salts, amino acids, mineral ions and water are selectively reabsorbed by the blood by diffusion and active transport.
Approx 65% of water is reabsorbed here
What happens in the Bowman’s capsule?
What is it called?
Blood enters under high pressure
Blood plasma contents are forced into the Bowman’s capsule from the glomerular capillaries
It depends on their size
This is called ULTRAFILTRATION
What is the liquid that enters the proximal convoluted tubing called?
Glomerular filtrate
What blood plasma contents are too big to exit the glomerular capillaries?
Red blood cells and most proteins remain in the blood
In a nephron, what comes after the proximal convoluted tubing?
The loop of Henlé
What happens in the loop on Henlé?
The salt concentration of the medulla is increased by active transport of sodium (Na+) and Calcuum (Cl-)
What is the effect of increased salt concentration in the medulla?
Causes a little more water to be reabsorbed.
It moves by osmosis into surrounding blood vessels.
If the loop of Henlé is longer what is the effect?
Why?
More water is reabsorbed into the blood.
Because more salt is being produced in the medulla which lowers the water potential and increases the amount of osmosis.
What comes after the loop of Henlé?
The distal convoluted tubule
What happens in the collecting ducts?
Walls are impermeable to water
Water is reabsorbed when ADH is produced
ADH makes the walls more permeable to water
Where is ADH produced and why?
In the pituitary gland in the brain
It’s produced to open channels in the collecting duct so that water can pass out by osmosis. It promotes water reabsorbtion to prevent dehydration.
The more ADH produced…
The more concentrated urine will be (because more water will be reabsorbed and therefore less in the urine)
