Gas Exchange Flashcards
How do cells get their energy?
By oxidising foods such as glucose (cell respiration).
What is the function of the ribs?
To protect the lungs and other vital organs
What is the function of the intercostal muscles?
Used to raise the rib cage and increase the volume of the thorax
What is the description and function of the diaphragm?
Muscular sheet at the bottom of the thorax
Controls pressure in the thorax
What is the function of the trachea (windpipe)?
Permits the passage of air from the nose of mouth into the lungs
Description of the bronchioles?
Each bronchus divides into smaller tubes called bronchioles
Description of the bronchi?
The first division of the trachea, one bronchus goes into each lung.
What is the function and description of the alveoli?
Found at the ends of the bronchioles.
Gas exchange takes place here
What is the function of the pleural membranes?
They protect the lungs and maintain a lousy environment and an airtight seal
Starting at the heart, what is the passage of the blood around the body?
Blood (which is deoxygenated from its journey thought the body) is pumped from the heart to the lungs and passes through the capillaries surrounding the alveoli.
Carbon dioxide diffuses into the air while oxygen diffuses into the blood. The newly oxygenated blood goes to the heart, ready to be sent around the body and be used for respiration.
How do ciliated cells prevent dust and bacteria reaching the lungs?
The cells secrete mucus, which is sticky and traps dust, dirt particles and bacteria. The cilias are tiny hairs that sweep the mucus out of the lungs (towards the mouth).
Details of bronchitis?
An irritation of the bronchial tree, along with infections from bacteria in the mucus. Sufferers cough frequently and have difficulty breathing.
Details of emphysema?
The walls of the alveoli become damages, reducing the surface area available for gas exchange. Sufferers have blood which carries less oxygen; they are often tired and find physical activity challenging.
Details of lung cancer?
Caused by harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke (carcinogens). Tumours form in the lungs and may spread to other parts of the body.
