Nutrients and Human Health Flashcards
copper containing foods
organ meats, shellfish, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and achocolate.
Over 50 grams of zinc supplementation could lead to copper deficiency
Manganese
Used for arthritis pain, superoxide dismutase, glutamine production, bone development, wound healing, and can help with seizures.
Phytonutrients that assist in blood sugar regulation:
4-hydroxyisoleucine in fenugreek seeds,
charantin from bitter melon,
cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon,
isoflavones from soybeans,
beta-glucan from oats and barley.
Hydroxytryrosol is a phytonutrient found in olive oil that may assist in the reduction of LDL cholesterol oxidation.
polyphenols
found in garlic, green tea, soybeans, citrus fruits, onions, apples, licroice root, flax seed, grapes and wine.
Inhibit inflammation
Beta-glucans are phytonutrients found in
mushrooms, oats, barley, yeast, and seaweed
sulfur
integral part of glutathione, insulin, keratan and other glycosaminoglycans in skin, cartilage, and connective tissue. Eggs, seafood, organ meats, meats, poultry and some nuts are good sources of sulfur.
AI for sodium
1500 mg/day
Calciium is tightly regulated in the body. which of the following is one of the ways calcium is tightly regulated
PTH increases bone resorption
when serum calcium is low, the parathyroid glands release parathyroid hormone which signals the bone, kidneys, and small intestine to breakdown stored calcium and/or increase calcium absorption. when serum calcium is high, calcitonin is released to store calcium in the bones.
selenium
supplemental form as an antioxidant to support glutathione production.
- Research supports that dietary selenium is a powerful antioxidant that fights oxidative stress. The DRI for selenium is between 55-70 mcg/day although most supplemental doses are higher. The UL for selenium is 400 mcg/day. Brazil nuts are an excellent source.
which of the functions is associated with silicon?
involved in formation of bones, connective tissue, collagen, and cartilage
Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme dependent on which mineral?
zinc
Alkaline phosphatase (ALK Phos) is a zinc dependent/zinc sensitive enzyme; its measurement may suggest further investigation for zinc insufficiency.
Vitamin A
The retinal form of vitamin A promotes great vision. Many symptoms of vitamin A deficiency involve vision problems such as difficulty seeing at night.
precursor to coenzyme NAD+
Vitamin B3
RDA of vitamin C for adult females
Females 75 mg of vitamin C
Males 90 mg per day
Potassium rich foods
Mango, dried beans, sweet potato, spinach, coconut, tomatoes (very high potassium foods >300mg/servings)
Avocados, bananas, melon, dried fruit, beet greens, swiss chard, bananas, winter squash
Vitamin B6
a cofactor in the synthesis of neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine, GABA, norepinephrine, serotonin.
-sensory neuropathy, ataxia, degeneration of neurons.
Nutrient supplements to accelerate healing in burns
Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Zinc and protein
Vitamin E
Cold pressed vegetable oils, green leafy vegetables, nuts, legumes, egg yolks
Vitamin D toxicity
can cause anorexia, weight loss, polyuria, heart arrhthymia. Raise blood levels of calcium which can lead to serious conditions. A serum 25 (OH) D concentration consistenly >500 nmol?l (>200 ng/mL) potentially toxic.
protease inhibitors
bioactive phytochemicals found in many legumes. May inhibit the generation of free radicals. Soy beans and legumes.
Pellagra
caused. by niacin deficiency
4 D’s diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis, death
Calcium Milk: pinto beans
1C: 4 C
Flavanoids
green tea, licorice root, wine, apple, citrus fruit, legumes
highest smoke point
sesame 450 degrees
Higher than lard, rice bran or walnut
Biotin
essential cofactor to enzymes in intermediary metabolism and a key regulator of gene expression.
cretinism in utero
iodine deficiency syndrome that stunts physical and mental growth which is caused by hypothyroidism
omega 3 fatty acids and cancer
help prevent colon, prostate and lung
saponins
found in legumes, spinach and tomatoes. Associated with reduce total cholesterol.
Vitamin A
Sweet potatoes high in vitamin A
peridontal disease
deficiency of folate, vitamin C, zinc
antioxidant to prevent oxidations and peroxidations of polyunsaturated fatty acids
vitamin E
found in fish oil. protects fish oils from going rancid.
sulforaphane
phase II detox enzymes and glutathione s-transferase.
foods include cabbage, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, bok choy, collards, arugula, mustard turnip, red radish, watercress.
fishy body odor
choline toxicity
Also excess salivation and perspiration, and vomiting
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
Major function: Hydroxalting enzymes involved in:
- collagen synthesis
-carnitine synthesis
-tyrosine synthesis and catabolism
-neurotransmitter synthesis
-antioxidant
Metabolic pathways: carnitine synthesis in beta oxidation
antagonists: Heat, light, oxidation and alkaline solutionscan destroy, LARGE amounts of copper or iron with vitamin C may destroy vitamin C, pectin, zinc, high intracellular glucose, A single layer dose of ascorbate.
Other agonists: Glutathione
Antagonists
RDA: 90 mg/d (M)- 70 mg/d (F),
deficiency: scurvy, hyperkeratosis of hair follicles, psychological issues, wound healing, bleeding gums, ruptured capillaries.
Toxicity: >2 g, gastro problems
supplementation: free ascorbic acid, calcium ascorbate, and ascorbyl palmitate, Ester c and rose hips
Assessment: Plasma vitamin C , concentration, leukocytes
Food sources: found mostly as ascorbic acid in: fruits and vegetables, asparagus, papaya, citrus, strawberries.
RDA of vitamin D for 75 year old
800 IU : increase for the elderly population. aging process inhibits vitamin D synthesis from the skin and the elderly
Lycopene
grapefruit, tomatoes, watermelon, red cabbage, asparagus,
what compound in celery gives it its odor and many of its health benefits
3-n-butylphtahlide
protects against certain diseases.
sulforaphane foods
increase expression of phase II detox enzymes and glutathione s transferase.
cabbage, broccoli, brussel sprouts, cauliflower, bok choy, collards, arugula, mustard, turnip, red radish, watercress.
manganese cofactor for
super oxide disumatase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase
saponins
found in tomatoes, legumes, spinach
associated with reduce total cholesterol
vanadium
mimic the effects of insulin on adipocytes
calcium intake
taken with meals increase urinary calcium, increase urinary citrate, decrease urinary oxalate.
Thiamin diphosphate
coenzyme form of thiamin
most bioactive
