MNT (dietary advice) Flashcards
Nutrition care model
-Initial process that identifies individuals who may be at risk of malnutrition.
-should be conducted within 24 hours of being admitted (joint commision)
-conducted by any member of the healthcare team.
Nutrition assessment
-complete evaluation of an individual’s nutrition status.
-Involves medical history, diet history, anthropometrics, physical exam, labs
Ideal body weight AKA Hamwi method
For females: 100lbs for the first 5 feet + 5 lbs for every additional inch.
For Males:
106 lbs for the first 5 feet + 6 lbs for every additional inch.
Waist circumference
waist greater than 40 inches for males or greater than 35 inches for females is an independent risk factor for chronic diseases
Waist/Hip ratio
Having a waist/hip ratio 1.0 or greater for males or 0.8 or greater for females is an independent risk factor for chronic diseases.
ADIME
Assessment:
-anthropometrics, biochemical data, clinical history, diet history, exam.
Diagnosis: (It’s cool Bro)
A. Diagnostic label dreams
-Intake (NI): Excessive oral intake, decreased energy expenditure.
-Clinical (NC): Altered GI function, chewing/swallowing.
-Behavioral -Environment (NB): Undesirable food choices, food safety, Nutrition related knowledge, deficit
B. PES statement:
-Problem (adjective that describes the issue “altered” “decreased” “Impaired” “Related To”
- Etiology (contributing risk factors) “As evidenced by”
-Signs/symptoms (observable)
-Ex: Unintended weight loss related to decreased appetite as evidenced by weight loss of >5% in 30 days.
C. Intervention
-Action to address the etiology + Improve the clients nutritional status i.e. appetite stimulant, nutrition education, EN/Pn
D. Monitoring and evaluation
-Tracking the progress of the patient, assessing how the patient responded to the intervention + determining what to focus on for future visits with the patient.
Hypertension
- Blood pressure is the amount of pressure that circulating blood puts against blood vessel walls.
- Systolic: The pressure in your blood vessels when your heart beats.
Diastolic: The pressure in your blood vessels when your heart rests between beats. - Hypertension refers to when the amount of pressure that circulating blood puts against blood vessel walls is too high.
- Primary/Essential hypertension Unknown cause
-Secondary hypertension: Known cause, usually related to an underlying disease.
Ideal: Systolic <120/ Diastolic <80
Elevated: Systolic 120-129, Diastolic <80
Stage 1 Hypertension: Systolic 130-139 or Diastolic 80-89
Stage 2:: Systolic 140 or higher, Diastolic 90 or higher.
Hypertension MNT
(SWAP)
(SWAP)
Sodium <2300 mg per day
weight:
Alcohol consumption
Physical activity
Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and Mediterranean diet.
-Both emphasize fruits and vegetables, poultry and fish.
-DASH diet specifically recommends: moderate sodium, whole grains, low fat dairy, limited alcohol, sweets, and calcium rich foods.
- The MediteRanEan diet recommends nuts, canola oil, olive oil, soybean oil, beans, legumes, moderate wine with meals, grapes (REsveratrol) breads and yogurt,,,
Artherosclerosis (ATHletic SHOEs)
Build up of substances like cholesterol and fats that are referred to as plaque.
Risk factors include:
Hereditary
Smoking
Hypertension
Obesity
Elevated Blood pressure
Coronary artery disease: When atherosclerosis causes plaque to build up in the arteries that carry blood to the heart.
If blood clot forms, it can cuase a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION/ANGINA/HEPARIN
Dyslipidemia: imbalance in levels of lipids.
Lipoproteins contain both lipids and proteins
HDL
Densest and smallest of the lipoproteins
>than 40 for M, >than 50 for F.
H=Higher
Artherosclerosis relevant labs
Triglycerides <150
LDL <100
HDL >40 for M, >50 for women.
Total cholesterol <200
Atherosclerosis MNT
Keep low: saturated fat (<7 % of total calories), sodium <2000 mg , cholesterol <200 mg
Keep high: Fiber intake (20-30 g per day with 5-10 being soluble fiber) whole grains, fruit, veggies.
Statins are often prescried, reduce LDL, triglycerides while increasing HDL
