Fundamental principles of Nutrition Flashcards
20 carbon omega 3 fatty acid with 5 double bonds (20:5) is:
EPA
Which Neurotransmitter is produced by the hypothalamus, is an appetite stimulate, and is a regulator of glucose.
Orexin (hypocretin) is a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, glucose, and appetite.
Methylation reactions occur in which detoxification phase?
phase II : Methylation is the primary method of removing toxins in the phase II liver detoxification system of the body.
Which of the following vitamins can be found with the enzyme, pyruvate carboxylase?
Biotin
Which nutrient is involved in the synthesis of carnitine?
Vitamin C ( carnitine, transports long chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for energy production)
which of the following hormones causes the gallbladder to contract and stimulates the pancreas to secrete enzymes?
CCK (stimulates secration of pancreatic enzymes, causes contraction of the GB, slows gastric emptying, increases motility in the colon.
A metabolic response to injury typically includes.
- negative nitrogen balance
- increased lipolysis
- increased glycogenolysis
- increased gluconeogenesis
NAD is a coenzyme derived from
Vitamin B3 (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a cofactor found in all living cells. )
Healthier sperm counts are most closely associated with:
optimal dietary zinc, folic acid, and antioxidants
-healthy zinc status is an important part of preconception care for men.
statistical power ?
The ability to detect a statistically significant result and depends on how many people were in the study and if the effect was large enough to actually help make a change
Your breastfeeding client is worried about her milk supply. What galactagogue could you recommend
fenugreek
Which of the following is the primary purpose of edema during pregnancy?
increase blood flow and nutrient transfer to the placenta and fetus
Food additives that are considered neurotoxins or excitotoxins include all of the following except?
Neurotoxins: Carageenan, smoke flavoring, yeast extract
Cochineal extract is a natural food dye made from an insect and is considered safe to consume with no known neurotoxic effects.
Which of the following promotes enterocyte proliferation?
L-glutamine (conditionally essential amino acid) dietary sources or suppleentation may be beneficial at times such as when an injury or illness is present.
Primary action of neurotensin is to:
Inhibit release of gastric emptying and acid secretion. It is a neurotransmitter. Regulates LH and prolactin release.
Baby is two weeks old. How do they tell mother they are hungry.
Infant brings hands to mouth, sucks on them, and moves head side to side (rooting reflex).
Crying is a late sign of hunger.
What does aldosterone do?
increases reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys
-Aldosterone keeps the sodium and potassium in your blood balanced by increasing reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys, which helps control your blood pressure and the balance of fluids in your body.
Which of the following U.S. food assistance programs supports primary, secondary and tertiary prevention?
WIC
-supplemental foods to improve the health status of participants (tertiary), nutrition education (primary), access to nutritious foods and other health related resources (secondary)
SNAP, HEAD START AND NATIONAL SCHOOL BREAKFAST support primary and secondary prevention.
Of the following, this nutrient is lost the greatest quantaties through sweating: Magnesium, zinc, iron, calcium
calcium
Sodium and chloride are lost in the largest quantities via sweat. Lesser amounts of calcium are also lost via sweat.
Study looking at relationship between CVD and smoking, type of tobacco, amount smoked, secondhand smoke.
Case control: begin with outcome and researchers do not have to follow people over time (retrospective)
Infant born preterm are at risk for death, neurological problems, congenital malformations and chronic health problems later in life. At what week is it considered preterm
Less than 37 weeks. Premature birth is when baby is before 37 weeks.
A serving size of wine
5 oz.
A group of individuals followed for 10 years. Every 2 years, come to facility to complete a survey.
Cohort (one or more samples are followed prospectively to investigate the causes of disease and to establish links between risk factors and health outcomes.
Major site of oxygen utilization in the cell is :
Mitochondria ( main site of energy transformation are the mitochondria, which provide over 90% of cellular ATP.