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CNS Exam 2024 > Bioactive phytochemicals, herbs and medicinal plants > Flashcards

Bioactive phytochemicals, herbs and medicinal plants Flashcards

1
Q

Induce

A

lead by persuasion or influence

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2
Q

Stimulate

A

Encourage into action

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3
Q

Adaptogens

A

herbs with stimulating properties to help body counteracts effects of stress

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4
Q

carminatives “car needs gas”

A

Flatulence; Gas
Ginger, fennel, lemon balm, rosemary, spearmint.

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5
Q

Cholagogue “CHO bile flo”

A

Bile flow from gallbladder
Olive oil
dandelion
milk thistle
goldenseal (berberine)
Ginger
Barberry

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6
Q

Expectorant “expect santa cough”

A

Promotes sputum secretion
loosens mucus
used to treat coughs (marshmallow, ginger, pleurisy root, yerba santa

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7
Q

Galactagogue (stimulates milk production)

A

Food: Sesame, beans, oats, grains/hops/beer

Herbs: Fenugreek, Milk Thistle, HIbiscus Flower, Raspberry

cooking Herbs: Anise, blackseed, caraway, coriander, dill, fennel, alfalfa, lemongrass, nettle, red clover, blessed thistle

Fruits/veg: leafy greens, apricots, dates, figs, green papaya (papaya also aids digestion)

Drugs: Domperidone, Metoclopramide

Jasmine flower reduces milk flow

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8
Q

Ragweed Allergy

A

Avoid chamomile, Dandelion, Echinacea, **also bananas, zuchinni, cantaloupe, cucumber, sunflower seeds

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9
Q

Birch Pollen Allergy

A

Avoid apples, almonds, carrots, celery, cherry, hazelnut, kiwi, peach, pear, plum

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10
Q

Aloe Vera “Cholagogue”

A

-Extract may damage colon epithelium and mucosa “increase bile production”
-Triggers reflex stimulation of musculature of uterus.
-Abortifacient property and is contraindicated in pregnancy.

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11
Q

Ashwaghanda “adaptogen”

A

-Helps anxiety, depression, exhaustion, Thyroid issues
-Not to be used in individuals with nightshade sensitvity, pregnant/breastfeeding or w/Hyperthyroidism, Hypertension
-Interacts with Immunosuppressants (decrease immune system), Sedatives.

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12
Q

Astragalus “adaptogen”

A

-Reverse drug/alcohol memory impairment
-improve GI smooth muscle tone/motility
- Antiviral, antioxidant fibrinolytic, hepatoprotective and immunostimulatory effects.

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13
Q

Arnica

A

Muscle strain, Soreness

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14
Q

Blackcurrant

A

-Anti-inflammatory, Antithrombotic
- Oil interacts synergistically with Anticoagulant
- “Black Currant, Blood clots”

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15
Q

Black Cohosh ***

A

-Helpful for menopause
-Kidney infections
-relieves PMS FROM SUPRESSING KH secretion; directly relaxes the uterus
-Taking certain drugs w/black cohosh may increase risk for Hypotension
-Avoid in those with estrogen dependent tumors, cancer, “worsened/triggered by B. cohosh may increase metastases.

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16
Q

Chaste tree **

A

Inhibits FSH and Prolactin secretion and lactation
-**contraindicated in pregnancy.

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17
Q

Evening Primrose **

A

-Gamma Linoleic acid (GLA)
-Relieves PMS
-Menopausal flushing/hot flashes
-Fibrocystic breast disease

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18
Q

Bayberry

A

-Boiled leaves used to treat Fever, Intestinal Parasites, Uterine hemorrhage, jaundice, dysentery, canker sores

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19
Q

Black Walnut

A

-Husk used to treat Intestinal Parasites, Ulcers, Syphilis, Fungal infection, BEDBUGS
-Mild Laxative

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20
Q

Buchu

A

-Treats genital/UTI
-Indigestion
-Edema
-Diabetes

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21
Q

Borage

A

Soothes Intestinal Cramps
-Borage SOOTHES

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22
Q

Burdock

A

Stimulates Menstruation

23
Q

Celery

A

-Celery seeds = Diuretic, Sedative
-Flatulence suppressant

24
Q

Chamomile

A

-Mild sedative
-Helpful for Gastric Inflammation
+Avoid with ragweed allergy

25
Q

Cloves (“clove loves reduce pain”)

A

-Toothaches
-promotes salivation, gastric secretion, vomiting
-Relieves arthritis, lumbago (lower back pain), Muscle cramps
-Neuralgia (pain along nerve)

26
Q

Chicory

A

-Dried leaves + roots used to increase appetite; relive dyspepsia
-Used as food flavoring

27
Q

Chickweed

A

Poultice from Plant used to treat SORES< ULCERS< INFECTIONS< HEMORRHOIDS

28
Q

Chlorella

A

-Anticarcinogenic, immunostimulatory, Hypolipidemic
-Gastric mucosal resistance to irritant stimuli may be enhanced

29
Q

Comfrey

A

-supresses Leukocyte infilatration during inflammation; Used to treat Pneumonia, coughs, Diarrhea, OSTEOPOROSIS, colds, Gallstones, Headache, HEMMORHOIDS, GOUT, BURNS,kidney stones, Anemia, TB

30
Q

Dandelion

A

-Roots used as diuretic, Laxative
-Used for digestion + LIVER SUPPORT
-CAUTION WITH DIABETES OR ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE
-stimulates bile acid secretion and appetite stimulant
-Used for CVD, accelerate healing of bruises.

31
Q

FENNEL “carminative” =funnel= gas= flatulence/cramps/GI

A

-seeds support GI tract function; relieves intestinal cramps ( Spasmolytic action =laxative)
-Used as Carminative “Cars REDUCE FLATULENCE”
-Fennel tea stimulates Bile production

32
Q

FEVER-FEW (HEAD)

A

-sesquiterpene lactones
-Migraines (head)
-Anti- inflammatory (arthritis) …inhibits platelet aggregation and prostaglandin synthesis

33
Q

Ginger: “ Carminative, Cholagogue and Expectorant”

A

-Relieves Morning Sickness (Safe during pregnancy)
-Helpful for Flatulence (carminative)
-Common cold, Nausea

34
Q

Holy Basil “adaptogen” Holy= helps anxiety +inflammation

A

-Anxiety
-Inflammation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory

35
Q

HOPS: Beer, Galactagogue

A
  • Used for Fever, Nervousness
    -Sedation w/insomnia
36
Q

Horehound “Cholagogue”

A

-Helpful for coughs and asthma, diarrhea, helps menstrual irregularity
-Bitter ingredients stimulate Bile secretion

37
Q

Ginseng “adaptogen”

A

-Used to increase physcial endurance, lessen fatigue, help with handling stress
-roots are used as stimulants to treat CONVULSION, DIZZINESS, VOMITING, colds, fevers, headaches, and arthritis.
-Ginseng—stimulates lipolysis in Fat depots and accelerates cellular uptake of Glucose

38
Q

Ginkgo Biloba

A

-Antioxidant, antiplatelet activating factor
-Useful for Alzheimer’s Disease, Depression, MS, sexual dysfunction, Menopause
-***Caution with Anticonvulsants **
-Extract may POTENTIATE ANTICOAGULANTS
-HEPATOTOXICITY: Associated with all of the following herbal supplements EXCEPT GINGKO BILOBA
–Green tea extract, Comfrey and Valerian are of concern with Hepatptoxicity

39
Q

Garlic

A

-Use with caution when taking aspirin and/or anticoagulants (which increase bleeding): shown to interact with HIV drugs
-Bulb smashed for snakebite, hornet stings and scorpion stings
-Mash is eaten to expel parasites or treat coughs, hoarseness and asthma. Applied to gums for toothache,
-Active compound=ALLINS; Garlic extract-Antimicrobial, Antiviral, Hypolipidemic, Fibronylic, increases intracellular GSH concentrations, Inhibit Platelet Thromboxane Formation, Increases Cytotoxicity of NK cells

40
Q

Gentian

A

-Bitter herb used to stimulate GI system
-used in GOUT/Arthritis
-Induce Vomiting

41
Q

PCOS DX AND CYSTIC ACNE AND HAIR GROWTH

A

A. serenoa repens: Saw Palmetto.

PCOS (cystic acne, hair growth) is due to testosterone. Saw palmetto have impact on testosterone. Slows down the pathway.

B. Vitex - chaste berry: more for hot flashes, perimenopausal

C. Withania somnifera-ashwagandha: adaptogen, hyper or hypo cortisol, help with sleep. Contraindicated in PCOS because it can increase testosterone.

D. Glycyrrhiza glabra- Licorice, push up sodium. Get blood pressure and sodium up. adrenal fatigue. contraindicated for hx of stroke or hypertension

42
Q

SUblinical hypothyroisidm hashimotos negative
what food categories:
seafood
Citrus

A

Tyrosin and iodine (thyroid)

A. Seafood: contains tyrosine and iodine- the two ingredients to make thyroid hormone. HIGH IN IODINE

C, Meat: contain tyrosine and iodine.

B. Citrus fruits- contains apigenin- a flavanoid found in millet and other ingredients . Millet flavanoid greatly reduces the activity of thyroid peroxidase, the enzyme that inserts iodine into thyroid hormone. Apigenin is the most potent of the three listed above. Others are chamomile, parsley, red wine.

D. cruciferous veggetables - contains goitrogens (through these foods may not be in enough amounts to tryly make a difference, for purposes of eth exam, you would want to REDUCE goitrogenic foods)
-reduce ability to absorb thyroid

43
Q

Which herbal supplement is almost never safe for use among patients who are on SSRI/SSNI

A. Glycyrrhiza glara
B.Hypericum perforatum- St. Johns wart
C.Withania somnifer-ashwaghanda
D.passiflora incarnata- passionflower

A

hypericum perforatum: st. John’s Wart

can cause serotonin syndrome.

44
Q

iron supplement for one of your anemic clients. Drink what?
A. Milk
B. Water
C. Orange juice
D. Collagen powder

A

C. Orange juice

Do not drink milk. calcium and iron bind irreversibley

45
Q

How much folate/folic acid is recommended daily for a pregnant woman or a woman TTC (Trying to conceive)

A

A. 600 mcg DFE (dietary folate equivalent)

46
Q
  1. Feverfew- Tanacetum Parthenium
  2. Milk Thistle- Silybum marianum
  3. Chasteberry- vitex
  4. Rhodiola- Rhodiola rosea

A. Liver support
B. Hormone supportive
c. headache/TBI supportive
d. HPA AXIS supportive

A
  1. feverfew- headache/TBI supportive
  2. milk thistle- Liver support
  3. chaste berry: vitex (hormone support)
  4. Rhodiola: HPA Axid supportive

Feverfew reacts with a number of pharmaceuticals.

47
Q

Glycyrrhiza glabra is contraindicated for people with this diagnosis and why?

A

hypertension

48
Q

51 year old female diagnosed with allergies to ragweed. what other foods might you suggest to restrict

A

bananas, chamomile, zuchinni, cantaloupe.

49
Q

51 yo male swollen gums and lips in the dentist office (latex gloves)

A

Bananas, kiwi, avocado, chestnut

50
Q

35 yo female, estrogen dominance, you would like to assess her sex hormones, specifically progesterone. What day ?

A

19-21

51
Q

40 yo female client with interstitial Cystitis (IC) tells you that Everytime I start to eat healthy, I get an IC flare and feel worse

A

oxalates: Spinach, rhubarb, almonds, cashews, miso soup, grits, baked potatoes with skin, beets, cocoa powder, okra, bran cereals, shredded wheat, french fries, raspberries, stevia, sweet potatoes

Salicylates: almonds, appels, apricots, berries, cherries, coffee, cucumbers, pickles, grapes, raisings, nectarines, oranges, peaches, peppers, plums, tea

solanine: Glycoalkaloid found in species of the nightshade family within the genus solanum, potato, tomato, eggplant

Fiber

Oxalates primary .
Could be salicylates: some citrus and the citrus people with CI can not handle

52
Q

what vitamin and mineral might oxalates bind to

A

calcium and magnesium
Bind to minerals

53
Q

family history of macular degeneration, 51 yo F. what recommendation is appropriate

A. Reservatrol
B. Hops
C. Lutein and Zeaxanthin
D. Omega 3 (DHA)

A

Lutein and Zeaxanthin (impact on the macular degeneration)

54
Q
A

CNS Exam 2024 (32 decks)

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