Bioactive phytochemicals, herbs and medicinal plants Flashcards
Induce
lead by persuasion or influence
Stimulate
Encourage into action
Adaptogens
herbs with stimulating properties to help body counteracts effects of stress
carminatives “car needs gas”
Flatulence; Gas
Ginger, fennel, lemon balm, rosemary, spearmint.
Cholagogue “CHO bile flo”
Bile flow from gallbladder
Olive oil
dandelion
milk thistle
goldenseal (berberine)
Ginger
Barberry
Expectorant “expect santa cough”
Promotes sputum secretion
loosens mucus
used to treat coughs (marshmallow, ginger, pleurisy root, yerba santa
Galactagogue (stimulates milk production)
Food: Sesame, beans, oats, grains/hops/beer
Herbs: Fenugreek, Milk Thistle, HIbiscus Flower, Raspberry
cooking Herbs: Anise, blackseed, caraway, coriander, dill, fennel, alfalfa, lemongrass, nettle, red clover, blessed thistle
Fruits/veg: leafy greens, apricots, dates, figs, green papaya (papaya also aids digestion)
Drugs: Domperidone, Metoclopramide
Jasmine flower reduces milk flow
Ragweed Allergy
Avoid chamomile, Dandelion, Echinacea, **also bananas, zuchinni, cantaloupe, cucumber, sunflower seeds
Birch Pollen Allergy
Avoid apples, almonds, carrots, celery, cherry, hazelnut, kiwi, peach, pear, plum
Aloe Vera “Cholagogue”
-Extract may damage colon epithelium and mucosa “increase bile production”
-Triggers reflex stimulation of musculature of uterus.
-Abortifacient property and is contraindicated in pregnancy.
Ashwaghanda “adaptogen”
-Helps anxiety, depression, exhaustion, Thyroid issues
-Not to be used in individuals with nightshade sensitvity, pregnant/breastfeeding or w/Hyperthyroidism, Hypertension
-Interacts with Immunosuppressants (decrease immune system), Sedatives.
Astragalus “adaptogen”
-Reverse drug/alcohol memory impairment
-improve GI smooth muscle tone/motility
- Antiviral, antioxidant fibrinolytic, hepatoprotective and immunostimulatory effects.
Arnica
Muscle strain, Soreness
Blackcurrant
-Anti-inflammatory, Antithrombotic
- Oil interacts synergistically with Anticoagulant
- “Black Currant, Blood clots”
Black Cohosh ***
-Helpful for menopause
-Kidney infections
-relieves PMS FROM SUPRESSING KH secretion; directly relaxes the uterus
-Taking certain drugs w/black cohosh may increase risk for Hypotension
-Avoid in those with estrogen dependent tumors, cancer, “worsened/triggered by B. cohosh may increase metastases.
Chaste tree **
Inhibits FSH and Prolactin secretion and lactation
-**contraindicated in pregnancy.
Evening Primrose **
-Gamma Linoleic acid (GLA)
-Relieves PMS
-Menopausal flushing/hot flashes
-Fibrocystic breast disease
Bayberry
-Boiled leaves used to treat Fever, Intestinal Parasites, Uterine hemorrhage, jaundice, dysentery, canker sores
Black Walnut
-Husk used to treat Intestinal Parasites, Ulcers, Syphilis, Fungal infection, BEDBUGS
-Mild Laxative
Buchu
-Treats genital/UTI
-Indigestion
-Edema
-Diabetes
Borage
Soothes Intestinal Cramps
-Borage SOOTHES
Burdock
Stimulates Menstruation
Celery
-Celery seeds = Diuretic, Sedative
-Flatulence suppressant
Chamomile
-Mild sedative
-Helpful for Gastric Inflammation
+Avoid with ragweed allergy
Cloves (“clove loves reduce pain”)
-Toothaches
-promotes salivation, gastric secretion, vomiting
-Relieves arthritis, lumbago (lower back pain), Muscle cramps
-Neuralgia (pain along nerve)
Chicory
-Dried leaves + roots used to increase appetite; relive dyspepsia
-Used as food flavoring
Chickweed
Poultice from Plant used to treat SORES< ULCERS< INFECTIONS< HEMORRHOIDS
Chlorella
-Anticarcinogenic, immunostimulatory, Hypolipidemic
-Gastric mucosal resistance to irritant stimuli may be enhanced
Comfrey
-supresses Leukocyte infilatration during inflammation; Used to treat Pneumonia, coughs, Diarrhea, OSTEOPOROSIS, colds, Gallstones, Headache, HEMMORHOIDS, GOUT, BURNS,kidney stones, Anemia, TB
Dandelion
-Roots used as diuretic, Laxative
-Used for digestion + LIVER SUPPORT
-CAUTION WITH DIABETES OR ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE
-stimulates bile acid secretion and appetite stimulant
-Used for CVD, accelerate healing of bruises.
FENNEL “carminative” =funnel= gas= flatulence/cramps/GI
-seeds support GI tract function; relieves intestinal cramps ( Spasmolytic action =laxative)
-Used as Carminative “Cars REDUCE FLATULENCE”
-Fennel tea stimulates Bile production
FEVER-FEW (HEAD)
-sesquiterpene lactones
-Migraines (head)
-Anti- inflammatory (arthritis) …inhibits platelet aggregation and prostaglandin synthesis
Ginger: “ Carminative, Cholagogue and Expectorant”
-Relieves Morning Sickness (Safe during pregnancy)
-Helpful for Flatulence (carminative)
-Common cold, Nausea
Holy Basil “adaptogen” Holy= helps anxiety +inflammation
-Anxiety
-Inflammation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory
HOPS: Beer, Galactagogue
- Used for Fever, Nervousness
-Sedation w/insomnia
Horehound “Cholagogue”
-Helpful for coughs and asthma, diarrhea, helps menstrual irregularity
-Bitter ingredients stimulate Bile secretion
Ginseng “adaptogen”
-Used to increase physcial endurance, lessen fatigue, help with handling stress
-roots are used as stimulants to treat CONVULSION, DIZZINESS, VOMITING, colds, fevers, headaches, and arthritis.
-Ginseng—stimulates lipolysis in Fat depots and accelerates cellular uptake of Glucose
Ginkgo Biloba
-Antioxidant, antiplatelet activating factor
-Useful for Alzheimer’s Disease, Depression, MS, sexual dysfunction, Menopause
-***Caution with Anticonvulsants **
-Extract may POTENTIATE ANTICOAGULANTS
-HEPATOTOXICITY: Associated with all of the following herbal supplements EXCEPT GINGKO BILOBA
–Green tea extract, Comfrey and Valerian are of concern with Hepatptoxicity
Garlic
-Use with caution when taking aspirin and/or anticoagulants (which increase bleeding): shown to interact with HIV drugs
-Bulb smashed for snakebite, hornet stings and scorpion stings
-Mash is eaten to expel parasites or treat coughs, hoarseness and asthma. Applied to gums for toothache,
-Active compound=ALLINS; Garlic extract-Antimicrobial, Antiviral, Hypolipidemic, Fibronylic, increases intracellular GSH concentrations, Inhibit Platelet Thromboxane Formation, Increases Cytotoxicity of NK cells
Gentian
-Bitter herb used to stimulate GI system
-used in GOUT/Arthritis
-Induce Vomiting
PCOS DX AND CYSTIC ACNE AND HAIR GROWTH
A. serenoa repens: Saw Palmetto.
PCOS (cystic acne, hair growth) is due to testosterone. Saw palmetto have impact on testosterone. Slows down the pathway.
B. Vitex - chaste berry: more for hot flashes, perimenopausal
C. Withania somnifera-ashwagandha: adaptogen, hyper or hypo cortisol, help with sleep. Contraindicated in PCOS because it can increase testosterone.
D. Glycyrrhiza glabra- Licorice, push up sodium. Get blood pressure and sodium up. adrenal fatigue. contraindicated for hx of stroke or hypertension
SUblinical hypothyroisidm hashimotos negative
what food categories:
seafood
Citrus
Tyrosin and iodine (thyroid)
A. Seafood: contains tyrosine and iodine- the two ingredients to make thyroid hormone. HIGH IN IODINE
C, Meat: contain tyrosine and iodine.
B. Citrus fruits- contains apigenin- a flavanoid found in millet and other ingredients . Millet flavanoid greatly reduces the activity of thyroid peroxidase, the enzyme that inserts iodine into thyroid hormone. Apigenin is the most potent of the three listed above. Others are chamomile, parsley, red wine.
D. cruciferous veggetables - contains goitrogens (through these foods may not be in enough amounts to tryly make a difference, for purposes of eth exam, you would want to REDUCE goitrogenic foods)
-reduce ability to absorb thyroid
Which herbal supplement is almost never safe for use among patients who are on SSRI/SSNI
A. Glycyrrhiza glara
B.Hypericum perforatum- St. Johns wart
C.Withania somnifer-ashwaghanda
D.passiflora incarnata- passionflower
hypericum perforatum: st. John’s Wart
can cause serotonin syndrome.
iron supplement for one of your anemic clients. Drink what?
A. Milk
B. Water
C. Orange juice
D. Collagen powder
C. Orange juice
Do not drink milk. calcium and iron bind irreversibley
How much folate/folic acid is recommended daily for a pregnant woman or a woman TTC (Trying to conceive)
A. 600 mcg DFE (dietary folate equivalent)
- Feverfew- Tanacetum Parthenium
- Milk Thistle- Silybum marianum
- Chasteberry- vitex
- Rhodiola- Rhodiola rosea
A. Liver support
B. Hormone supportive
c. headache/TBI supportive
d. HPA AXIS supportive
- feverfew- headache/TBI supportive
- milk thistle- Liver support
- chaste berry: vitex (hormone support)
- Rhodiola: HPA Axid supportive
Feverfew reacts with a number of pharmaceuticals.
Glycyrrhiza glabra is contraindicated for people with this diagnosis and why?
hypertension
51 year old female diagnosed with allergies to ragweed. what other foods might you suggest to restrict
bananas, chamomile, zuchinni, cantaloupe.
51 yo male swollen gums and lips in the dentist office (latex gloves)
Bananas, kiwi, avocado, chestnut
35 yo female, estrogen dominance, you would like to assess her sex hormones, specifically progesterone. What day ?
19-21
40 yo female client with interstitial Cystitis (IC) tells you that Everytime I start to eat healthy, I get an IC flare and feel worse
oxalates: Spinach, rhubarb, almonds, cashews, miso soup, grits, baked potatoes with skin, beets, cocoa powder, okra, bran cereals, shredded wheat, french fries, raspberries, stevia, sweet potatoes
Salicylates: almonds, appels, apricots, berries, cherries, coffee, cucumbers, pickles, grapes, raisings, nectarines, oranges, peaches, peppers, plums, tea
solanine: Glycoalkaloid found in species of the nightshade family within the genus solanum, potato, tomato, eggplant
Fiber
Oxalates primary .
Could be salicylates: some citrus and the citrus people with CI can not handle
what vitamin and mineral might oxalates bind to
calcium and magnesium
Bind to minerals
family history of macular degeneration, 51 yo F. what recommendation is appropriate
A. Reservatrol
B. Hops
C. Lutein and Zeaxanthin
D. Omega 3 (DHA)
Lutein and Zeaxanthin (impact on the macular degeneration)
