Nutri midterm

Question 1

initiates drinking behavior.

Answer 1

the hypothalamus

Question 2

on the other hand, is rare but can occur with excessive water consumption and
kidney disorders that reduce urine production.

Answer 2

Water intoxication,

Question 3

stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water rather than excrete it.

Answer 3

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 4

Water excretion is regulated by the

Answer 4

brain and the kidneys.

Question 5

The body must excrete a minimum of about ____milliliters (about 1⁄2 quart) each day as
urine—enough to carry away the waste products generated by a day’s metabolic activities.

Answer 5

500

Question 7

depends on a certain minimum amount of physical activity or exercise.

Answer 7

fitness

Question 8

activity in which the body’s large muscles move in a rhythmic
manner for a sustained period of time.

Answer 8

Aerobic physical activity:

Question 9

also called endurance activity, improves
cardiorespiratory fitness.

Answer 9

Aerobic activity,

Question 10

physical activity that requires some increase in
breathing and/or heart rate and expends 3.5 to 7 kcalories per minute.

Answer 10

Moderate-intensity physical activity

Question 11

physical activity that requires a large increase in
breathing and/or heart rate and expends more than 7 kcalories per minute.

Answer 11

Vigorous-intensity physical activity:

Question 12

allows the joints to move freely, reducing the risk of injury.

Answer 12

Flexibility

Question 13

supports the ongoing activity of the heart and lungs.

Answer 13

Cardiorespiratory endurance

Question 14

enable muscles to work harder and longer without fatigue.

Answer 14

Muscle strength
and muscle endurance

Question 15

improves as physical activity supports lean body tissues and reduces excess body fat.

Answer 15

Body
composition

Question 16

is the most potent single predictor of the infant’s future health and survival.

Answer 16

weight gain during
pregnancy

Question 17

likely to be large for gestational age,

Answer 17

Infants born to obese women

Question 18

is both a supply depot and a waste-removal system for the fetus.

Answer 18

The placenta

Question 19

is the pipeline from the placenta to the fetus.

Answer 19

The umbilical cord

Question 20

surrounds and
cradles the fetus, cushioning it with fluids.

Answer 20

amniotic sac

Question 21

The newly fertilized ovum is called a

Answer 21

zygote

Question 22

the blastocyst floats down into the uterus, where it will embed itself
in the inner uterine wall—a process known as

Answer 22

implantation

Question 23

the pregnant woman needs
no additional energy, but as pregnancy progresses, her energy needs rise.

Answer 23

first trimester,

Question 24

She requires an additional
340 kcalories daily

Answer 24

during the second trimester

Question 25

and an extra 450 kcalories each day during the

Answer 25

third trimester.

Question 26

is
necessary to fuel the fetal brain and spare the protein needed for fetal growth.

Answer 26

Ample carbohydrate

Question 27

is often prescribed for a short period after surgery to
give your GI tract a rest. The diet consists of clear juices, broth, popsicles, gelatin, and tea.
Coffee may be allowed with your physician’s approval.

Answer 27

Clear Liquid Diet-

Question 28

The full liquid diet is prescribed after surgery as a transition from clear liquids
to a regular diet. This diet includes all the foods on a clear liquid diet plus the addition of dairy
products such as: milk, yogurt, pudding, and smooth cream soups.

Answer 28

Full Liquid Diet-

Question 29

, sometimes called the “house diet” consists of normal foods
similar to home. Our “Regular” diet follows the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and is
moderate in salt, sugar, and fat.

Answer 29

The regular diet

Question 30

is sometimes called the Low fat, Low Cholesterol diet. The diet
consists of foods which are low in saturated fat, cholesterol and salt. Whole grains and
abundant vegetables and fruit, lean meat,

Answer 30

The Cardiac diet

Question 31

is low in sugar and fat. The diet is designed to keep blood
glucose (sugar) levels under control. Many sugar free items are offered. The Diet Aide will
modify your selections based on the calorie level prescribed for you.

Answer 31

The Diabetic diet

Question 32

diet is prescribed for people who have high blood
pressure, pneumonia, kidney disease, or who retain water.

Answer 32

The Low Sodium

Question 33

serves as a transition from liquids to a regular diet for individuals who are
recovering from surgery or a long illness.

Answer 33

The soft diet

Question 34

It gets its name from the fact that
household tools and machines, like a blender, meat grinder, or knife, are used to make foods
easier to chew and swallow.

Answer 34

Mechanical Soft Diet

Question 35

easily digested and leave no undigested residue in your intestinal tract.

Answer 35

Clear liquid diet

Question 36

is made up only of fluids and foods that are normally liquid and foods that turn to
liquid when they are at room temperature, like ice cream.

Answer 36

Full liquid diet

Question 37

diet if you have mouth or throat problems or if your jaw is wired.

Answer 37

Blenderized Diet

Question 38

After stomach surgery, some patients may have what is commonly known as _____

Answer 38

dumping
syndrome.

Question 39

∙ Occurs 15 to 30 minutes after eating
∙ Caused by rapid entry of food into the small intestine

Answer 39

Early Dumping Phase

Question 40

Occurs 90 minutes to 3 hours after eating
∙ Caused by a rapid rise in blood sugar and then a rapid decrease in blood sugar

Answer 40

Late Dumping Phase

Question 41

is a disorder that damages your small intestine and keeps it from absorbing
the nutrients in food.

Answer 41

Celiac disease

Question 42

is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.

Answer 42

gluten

Question 43

is the only treatment if you’ve been diagnosed with celiac disease.

Answer 43

A gluten-free diet

Question 44

generally means not eating most grains, pasta, cereals,
and processed foods.

Answer 44

A gluten-free diet

Question 45

Inflammation of liver, resulting from damage to liver tissue
* Cause often infection with specific viruses (A, B, C)
* Usual transmission

Answer 45

HEPATITIS

Question 46

most active organ in body

Answer 46

Liver—

Question 47

Most common of liver disorders

Answer 47

I. Fatty Liver & Hepatitis

Question 48

Accumulation of fat in liver tissue; represents imbalance between fat synthesized from the
blood & the amount exported to the blood via VLDL

Answer 48

Fatty Liver

Question 49

End-stage condition resulting from chronic liver disease

Answer 49

Cirrhosis

Question 50

When your pancreas becomes swollen or inflamed, it cannot perform its function. This
condition is called .

Answer 50

pancreatitis