CHN RLE midterm Flashcards
The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was established in
1976
to ensure that infants/children and mothers have access to routinely recommended infant/childhood vaccines.
The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)
Six vaccine-preventable diseases were initially included in the EPI:
tuberculosis,
poliomyelitis,
diphtheria,
tetanus,
pertussis
measles
Vaccines under the EPI are
BCG birth dose,
Hepatitis B birth dose,
Oral Poliovirus Vaccine,
Pentavalent Vaccine,
Measles Containing Vaccines (Anti Measles Vaccine, Measles, Mumps, Rubella)
and Tetanus Toxoid
This 2016, the Expanded Program on Immunization will transition to become the
National Immunization Program
EPI Over-all Goal:
To reduce the morbidity and mortality among children against the most common vaccine-preventable diseases.
Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act of 2011
Republic Act No. 10152
Republic Act No. 10152 signed by
President Benigno Aquino III on July 26, 2010
are used to reach children who have not been vaccinated or have not developed sufficient immunity after previous vaccinations
supplementary immunization activities
This is critical for the eradication/elimination efforts, especially in identifying true cases of measles and indigenous wild poliovirus.
Strengthening Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Surveillance
earliest dose of measles given in case of outbreak
6 months
regular schedule of measles vaccine
9 months-11 months:
latest dose of measles given
15 months
catch up dose
4-5 years old:
Fully Immunized Child (FIC)
less than 12 months old child with complete immunizations of DPT, OPV, BCG, Anti Hepatitis, Anti measles.
is not a contraindication for immunizing children rather; it is an indication for immunization
Malnutrition
is practiced to assure that all vaccines are utilized before the expiry date.
FEFO (“first expiry and first out”)
BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin)
Freeze dried
Infant - 0.05 mL
Preschool - 0.1 mL
ID
Right deltoid of the arm
DPT (Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus)
Liquid - 0.5 mL
IM
Infants & Young Children: Vastus Lateralis
Older children and adults: Deltoid Muscle
OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine)
Liquid 2 drops
Oral
Mouth
Hepatitis B (Hepa B)
Liquid - 0.5 mL
IM
Deltoid muscle
Measles
Freeze-dried - 0.5 mL
Subcutaneous
Anterolateral aspect of the thigh
TT1
As early as possible
TT2
4 weeks later
3 years of protection
TT3
6 months later
5 years of protection
TT4
1 year later/during next pregnancy
10 years of protection
TT5
1 year later/third pregnancy
Lifetime protection
will be introduced in the national immunization program
For 2012, Rotavirus and Pneumococcal vaccine
(NHTS)
National Housing and Targeting System
A system used to maintain potency of a vaccine from that of manufacture to the time it is given to child or pregnant woman.
COLD CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Health centers are equipped with refrigeration units to maintain vaccines at
2-8°C.
is an integrated approach to child health that focuses on the well-being of the whole child
IMCI
when was IMCI introduced
1995
when was IMCI implemented in the philippines
1996
IMCI aims to
reduce death, illness and disability and to promote improved growth and development among children under five years of age.
IMCI include
curative and preventive elements that are implemented by families and communities and by health facilities.
IMCI strategy was developed by
World Health Organization and UNICEF
IMCI strategy
to address the high rates of child mortality in the country due to common, preventable, or treatable illnesses
common, preventable, or treatable illnesses such as
pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, measles, and malnutrition.
IMCI OBJECTIVES
Reduce death
Decrease frequency and severity of illness and disability, and
Contribute to improved growth and development.
is the most vulnerable group
the under five population
was designed to teach integrated management of sick young infants and children to first level HW’s in primary care settings that have NO laboratory support and only a limited number of essential drugs.
The IMCI training
Action oriented __________, rather than ____________, are used
CLASSIFICATIONS
EXACT DIAGNOSIS
STEPS IN IMCI MANAGEMENT
Assess child’s illness
Classify illness base on signs
Identify treatment
Treat child
Counsel caretaker
Follow-up Care
means giving treatment in a clinic, prescribing drugs or other treatments to be given at home, and also teaching the mother how to carry out the treatments.
Treat
Means taking a history and doing a physical examination
Assess child’s illness
which corresponds to the severity of the disease.
Classification,”
are not specific disease diagnoses. Instead, they are color coded categories that are used to determine treatment
Classifications
The charts recommend appropriate treatment for each color-coded classification
Identify treatment
assessing how the child is fed and
telling her about the foods and fluids to give the child and when to bring the child back to the clinic.
Counsel caretaker
Involves reassessing the child’s condition after the initial treatment, checking for improvement
Follow-up Care
Principles of IMCI Case Management
All sick children aged up to 5 years are examined for general danger signs and all sick young infants are examined for very severe disease.
use a limited number of essential drugs and encourage active participation of caretakers in the treatment of children.
IMCI management procedures
DHEPCSI
(Department of Health Essential Package of Child Survival Intervention)
emphasizes important preventive interventions such as immunization and breastfeeding.
IMCI
(URGENT REFERRAL)
Pink
(Treatment at outpatient health facility)
Yellow
(Home management)
Green
Pre-referral treatments
Advise parents
Refer child
PINK
Renders Treatment of local infection(Give oral drugs)
Health advice teaching caretaker
Upcoming Follow-up visit advise
YELLOW
Home treatment/s
Oral Feeding and fluids
Making return visit immediately
Emphasize follow-up
GREEN
Any general
danger sign
Chest indrawing
Stridor in calm
PINK
Fast breathing
YELLOW
No signs of pneumonia or very severe disease
GREEN
