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Review > Nursing Research > Flashcards

Nursing Research Flashcards

1
Q

What type of source is preferred in research

A

primary source

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2
Q

What is a primary source

A
  • factual

- original research from which the data cam

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3
Q

What is secondary source

A

-created when the primary data are interpreted or analyzed by another person

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4
Q

Institutional review boards

A

ensure rights, safety, and welfare of human research subjects who are participating in research
-authority to approve or reject research proposals that are submitted to their institution or hospital

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5
Q

Vulnerable populations

A
  • require additional paperwork and consent requirements
  • infants and children <18
  • pregnant women, fetus
  • prisoners
  • persons with mental disabilities
  • persons who are economically disadvantaged
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6
Q

Belmont report

A

-report that outlines the important ethical principles that should be followed when performing research involving human subjects

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7
Q

Informed consent of human subjects

A

-must be informed that they have the right to withdraw from the research study at any time without adverse consequences or penalty

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8
Q

Informed consent components

A
  • describe study, what they should expect to do
  • describe risks in present and future
  • describe benefits in present and future
  • discuss alternatives
  • discuss any compensation or reward
  • discuss how confidentiality will be maintained
  • give number and email for contact
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9
Q

Emancipated minor criteria

A
  • legal court document stating that minor is an emancipated minor
  • active duty in US military
  • legally binding marriage (or divorced from legally binding marriage)
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10
Q

Who can consent be given to

A

only individuals >18 years old

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11
Q

What is assent

A

To agree, but not legally consenting

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12
Q

Child from 7-17 years old can assent but cant

A

consent

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13
Q

Child participating in research

A

-parents must consent first and then child can assent with separate assent form

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14
Q

alpha value

A

-significance level aka p-value

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15
Q

What is p value usually set at

A

<0.05 or <0.01

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16
Q

What does a significance level of p <0.05 indicate

A

5% probability that study results are due to chance

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17
Q

What does a significance level of p<0.01 indicate

A

only a 1% probability that study results are due to chance.

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18
Q

is p<0.01 or p<0.05 better

A

0.01

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19
Q

control group

A

subjects that did not receive treatment

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20
Q

N

A

total size of sample

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21
Q

n

A

number of subjects in a group

22
Q

independent variable

A

-variable being manipulated and used to influence dependent variable

23
Q

Dependent variable

A

-result of manipulation of independent variable

24
Q

Hypothesis

A

-idea or supposition that can be tested and refuted

25
Q

Null hypothesis

A
  • H0

- opposite of hypothesis being studied

26
Q

Normal curve

A

bell shaped

27
Q

Median

A

-number in middle when values are arranged from lowest to highest

28
Q

Mode

A

most common value

29
Q

Range

A

difference between largest and smallest number

30
Q

Prospective study

A
  • studies done in present to future
  • longitudinal studies are a type of prospective study
  • data obtained in present, then periodically measured in future
31
Q

Retrospective study

A
  • studies done on events that already occurred

- aka ex post facto

32
Q

Longitudinal study

A
  • follows same group over many years
  • no manipulation or intervention
  • observational study
33
Q

cohort

A

-group of individuals that share some common characteristics

34
Q

Cross sectional study

A

-compares differences and similarities between two or more groups of people or phenomena and collects data at one point in time

35
Q

Case study

A

-in-depth investigation of a single person, group, or phenomena

36
Q

Descriptive study

A

observe and collect pertinent information but do not manipulate or change environment
aka observational study

37
Q

Correlational study

A
  • type of observational study

- relationship between at least 2 variables is evaluated

38
Q

what are the three types of correlations

A
  • positive
  • negative
  • none
39
Q

Positive correlation

A
  • two variables change together in same direction

- When A increases, B increases

40
Q

Negative correlation

A
  • increase in one variable results in decrease in other

- when A increases, B decreases

41
Q

No correlation

A
  • variables not related

- change in A does not affect B

42
Q

Experimental study important criteria

A

use of random sampling and random assignment of research subjects

  • at least one control group and one or more intervention or treatment group
  • causality can be determined
43
Q

Which experiment allows causality to be determined

A

Double-blind experimental study

44
Q

Quasi-experimental

A
  • similar to experimental except there is no randomization of research subjects
  • recruitment by convenience sampling
45
Q

Deductive reasoning

A
  • involves going from general to specific findings
  • top down logic
  • start with theory (generalization) and narrow down with specific hypothesis (deduction)
46
Q

Which study type uses deductive reasoning

A

-quantitative studies

47
Q

Inductive reasoning

A
  • opposite of deductive
  • bottom up logic
  • start with specific observations to formulate hypothesis to generate a new theory
48
Q

What kind of study uses inductive reasoning

A

-qualitative

49
Q

Data for qualitative

A

-words, narratives, subjective opinoins

50
Q

Data for quantitative

A

-numerical and measurable data

51
Q

Statistical testing for qualitative

A
  • interpretation of common themes and patterns

- use limited statistics like chi-squared

52
Q

Statistical testing for quantitative

A
  • pearson correlation
  • paired t-test
  • simple/multiple regression
  • ANOVA

Review (24 decks)

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