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Review > Growth and Development > Flashcards

Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

What can a high pitched cry indicate

A

neurologic disorder

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2
Q

Reflexes are important to assess in a newborn to assess

A

maturity of nervous system

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3
Q

Caput succedaneum

A

edema

-crosses midline

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4
Q

Cephalohematoma

A

does not cross midline

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5
Q

Absent red light reflex may indicate

A

congenital cataracts

retinoblastoma

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6
Q

Universal hearing screen frequency

A
  • start at 1 month

- interventions by 6 months

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7
Q

Newborn exam

A

test primitive reflexes

-head lag normal

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8
Q

2 month old language

A
  • cooing sounds

- vocalizes sounds that reflect happiness or being upset

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9
Q

2 month old personal social

A

focus on face smile

smiles responsively

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10
Q

infant growth rules

A
  • doubles weight by 6 months
  • triple by 1 year
  • gains 1 oz/day
  • grow 1 inch/month
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11
Q

Head circumference should increase by

A

0.5 inches per month

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12
Q

2 month old gross/fine motor

A
  • grasping

- able to lift head 45 degrees when prone

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13
Q

Posterior fontanelle closes by

A

1-2 months

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14
Q

Anterior fontanelle closes by

A

9-18 months

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15
Q

4 month old gross motor

A

holds head steady

-can role supine to prone

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16
Q

4 month old fine motor

A

bring hands to mouth

-swing at dangling toys

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17
Q

4 month old language

A

smile spontaneously

babble

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18
Q

6 month old fine motor

A

-pass things from one hand to other

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19
Q

6 month old gross motor

A

sit up independently without support

-roll over in both directions

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20
Q

6 month old language

A
  • says consonants (dada, baba)

- curious and look around environmentj

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21
Q

When should solid foods begin to be introduced

A

around 6 months

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22
Q

Teeth first erupting when

A

6 months

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23
Q

When should an infant be able to push themselves up on all fours

A

6 months

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24
Q

When do most reflexes disappear by

A

6 months

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25
Q

Most common cause of vision problems in children

A

strabismus –> leading cause of amblyopia (lazy eye)

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26
Q

Test for strabismus

A

cover-uncover test

corneal light reflection test

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27
Q

When should testing for strabismus be conducted

A

between 6 months through 3 years

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28
Q

9 month old find motor

A
  • pincer grasping (between thumb and forefinger)
  • waves bye bye
  • can clap hands and play clapping games
  • feed self with fingers
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29
Q

9 month old gross motor

A

pulls self up to stand

  • crawls
  • bears weight well
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30
Q

9 month old language

A
  • plays peek a boo
  • turns toward voice
  • single syllables
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31
Q

When does stranger anxiety typically occur

A

by 9 months

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32
Q

Primitive reflexes in a 9 month old is normal T/F

A

NO FLASE

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33
Q

12 month old fine motor

A
  • use sippy cup

- pincer grasping

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34
Q

12 month old gross motor

A

stands independently

  • may walk independently
  • starts to cruise (moving from one furniture to next for support)
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35
Q

12 month old vocab/social

A
  • starts to look out mirror
  • paly pat-a-cake
  • dada, mama
  • combines syllables
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36
Q

When does an infant know their first name

A

some say by 7 months

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37
Q

15 month old fine motor

A

feed self with spoon

  • drink from a cup
  • put blocks in a cup
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38
Q

15 month old gross motor

A
  • walk independently for long distances
  • stoops and recovers
  • stands alone
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39
Q

15 month old languge

A
  • says 1 words
  • knows 4-6 words
  • follows commands with gestures
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40
Q

18 month old fine motor

A
  • turns pages

- tower of 2 cubes

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41
Q

18 month old gross motor

A
  • walk backwards

- walk up steps

42
Q

18 month old language

A

says 2-3 words

-can point to 4 body parts

43
Q

24 month old gross motor

A

runs
walks up steps
-kicks ball

44
Q

24 month old fine motor

A
  • 4 cube tower

- uses spoon/fork

45
Q

24 month old language

A

points to pictures

-says 6 words

46
Q

When does toilet training begin

A

2 years

47
Q

Parallel play begins at what age

A

1 year

48
Q

What age can an infant start climbing stairs by crawling

A

1 year

49
Q

What age can an infant start walking up and down stairs with support

A

2 years

50
Q

When can a toddler start riding a tricycle

A

3 years

51
Q

3 year old gross motor

A

tricycle

  • throw ball overhand
  • jump
52
Q

3 year old fine motor

A

6 block tower
use scissors
-copy circle

53
Q

When can a toddler start brushing teeth and putting on clothes with help

A

3 years old

54
Q

When can a toddler start throwing a ball underhand

A

4 years

55
Q

When can a toddler make a tower of 8 cubes

A

4 years

56
Q

When do toddlers start playing with other children

A

4 years

57
Q

When is a toddler aware of their gender

A

5 years

58
Q

When can a toddler draw a person with 6 body parts

A

5 years

59
Q

When can a toddler somersault and hop

A

5 years

60
Q

When can a toddler print their own name

A

5 years

61
Q

When do imaginary friends begin to appear

A

5 years

62
Q

At what age does all speech become understandable by family

A

age 5

63
Q

When can a child begin heel to toe walking

A

6 years

64
Q

When do peer pressure, mood swings, and impatience typically appear

A

8 years old

65
Q

When can a child begin to define 5-6 words

A

6 years

66
Q

When do children begin to understand how opposites work

A

8 years

67
Q

When do children begin to understand “bad”

A

6 years

68
Q

What age does visual acuity improve to 20/20

A

by 6 years

69
Q

When should children be completely toilet trained by

A

6 years

70
Q

When can a child start riding a bicycle

A

6-7 years

71
Q

When can a child draw a circle

A

3 years

72
Q

When can a child draw a cross

A

4 years

73
Q

Oedipal stage begins at what age and what is it

A

3-6

-desire to marry the parent of the opposite sex

74
Q

When can a child draw a stick person with 3 body parts

A

4 years

75
Q

When can a child draw a person with at least 6 body parts

A

5 years

76
Q

When can eating problems begin to develop

A

11-14 years

77
Q

When does interest in the opposite sex increase

A

15-17 years

78
Q

When does sex drive typically emerge

A

15-17 years

79
Q

When does experimentation with drugs, sex, alcohol, and tobacco typically begin

A

-11-14 years

80
Q

When do children understand possible consequences of their behaviors

A

11-14 year

81
Q

Height completion for females typically ceases ___ years after menarche

A

2-2.5 years

82
Q

What Tanner stage does penis elongate

A

3

83
Q

What Tanner stage does penis thicken and increase in size

A

4

84
Q

What Tanner stage do testes begin to enlarge

A

2

85
Q

What Tanner stage does the scrotum color darken

A

3

86
Q

What Tanner stage do breast buds develop

A

2

87
Q

What Tanner stage does the breast tissue and areola remain in 1 mound

A

3

88
Q

What Tanner stage does the areola/nipples separate from the mound

A

4

89
Q

Piaget’s Sensorimotor stage

A

0-2 years

  • learn about the world through sensory and motor objects
  • object permanence learned
90
Q

When is object permanence learned

A

6-8 months

91
Q

Preoperational stage

A

2-6 years

  • egocentrism
  • increasing language
92
Q

Concrete operational stage

A
  • 7-11
  • declining egocentrism
  • conservation
  • identify
93
Q

Formal operational stqage

A
  • development of logical thinking

- >12

94
Q

Trust vs. mistrust

A

0-12 months

95
Q

Autonomy vs. shame/doubt

A

2-3

96
Q

Initiative vs. guilt

A

3-5 years

97
Q

Industry vs. inferiority

A

6-11 years

98
Q

Identity vs. role confusion

A

12-17 years

99
Q

Intimacy vs. isolation

A

17-30 years

100
Q

Generativity vs. stagnation

A

40-65 years

-create or nurture things that will outlast them

101
Q

Ego integrity vs. despair

A

> 65

-look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment

102
Q

Elderly are most likely in what stage according to Maslow

A
  • love and belonging

- very few achieve self-actualization

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