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Review > Evidence based medicine > Flashcards

Evidence based medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Evidence base medicine definition

A

-conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients

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2
Q

Lowest ranking of research evidence

A
  • expert or specialty group onions

- editorials

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3
Q

Middle ranking of research evidence

A
  • RCT
  • experiment
  • cohort study
  • case reports/series
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4
Q

Highest level of research evidence

A
  • meta-analysis

- systematic review

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5
Q

Meta-analysis

A

-statistical method that combines data from multiple studies resulting in higher statistical power and a single conclusion

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6
Q

Gold standard for gathering research and evidence for EBM

A

meta-analysis

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7
Q

Systematic review

A
  • type of literature review that identifies, selects, and analyzes multiple research articles
  • specific methodlogy
  • studies ranked from Grade A (best evidence) to D (poor evidence)
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8
Q

What happens when systematic review is completed

A

-acceptable studies are pooled together and statistical testing of data (meta-analysis) is performed

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9
Q

Randomized Controlled Trial

A
  • assigned either control or treatment group
  • some use double-blind design
  • experimental studies
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10
Q

What is an experimental study

A

-random subject selection
one placebo or control group
one or more intervention groups

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11
Q

Cohort study is a type of what study

A

prospective study

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12
Q

Case report

A

-detailed report of one patient with disease, includes demographics, sign/sx, diagnosis, response to treatment, etc.

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13
Q

Case series

A

-series of case reports that involves a series of individuals who are given similar treatment

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14
Q

Opinions and editorials

A
  • biased and not based on solid evidence

- weakest form of evidence

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15
Q

Gold standard database and resource for EBM

A

Cochrane review

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16
Q

CINAHL

A

worlds largest source of full-text nursing adn allied health journals

17
Q

Grades of research evidence

A

-A best

B, C, D (poor)

18
Q

What grade of research is double-blind RCT considered

A

Grade A

19
Q

Strongest level of evidence would include words such as

A 
meta analysis
-systematic review
-RCTs
-Cochrane
MEDLINE
CINAHL database
20
Q

Words that would indicate weak evidence

A

-expert opinion
opinion
editorial

21
Q

Absolute risk reduction (ARR)

A

measure of difference between two different treatments in terms of their ability to reduce a particular outcome

22
Q

Relative risk reduction (RRR)

A

measure of how much risk is reduced in the experimental group compared with the control group

23
Q

Number need to treat (NNT)

A

-number of patients needed to treat to avoid one bad outcome

24
Q

Positive predictive value (PPV)

A

-probability that a person with positive screening will have the disease

25
Q

Negative predictive value (NPV)

A

-probability that a person with a negative test result does not have the disease

26
Q

Herd immunity

A

-refers to resistance to a disease in a large number of people in the population

27
Q

Health

A

-state of complete physical, mental and social well-being

28
Q

Horizontal transmission

A
  • transmission from one individual to another

- HIV transmission through sexual intercourse

29
Q

Vertical transmission

A

-transmission of agent from mother to infant

30
Q

Endemic

A

refers to baseline level of particular disease in a population

31
Q

Epidemic

A

rapid increase of disease in a population that involves a large number of people

32
Q

Pandemic

A

epidemic that occurs over a very large area

-involves large proportion of the global population

33
Q

Morbidity

A

illness or any departure from physical and/or mental health

34
Q

Mortality

A

death

35
Q

Infant mortality

A

-infant deaths per 100,000 live births

36
Q

Sensitivity

A

-ability of a screening test to correctly identify a person WITH disease

37
Q

Specificity

A

ability of a screening test to correctly identify a person WITHOUT disease

38
Q

What level of prevention is setting up a community youth center

A

primary

Review (24 decks)

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