Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NB Exam 1 > Nuerotransmitters & Synaptic Transmission I > Flashcards

Nuerotransmitters & Synaptic Transmission I Flashcards

1
Q

How do some neurons and astrocytes communicate

A

Gap junctions formed by connexons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do presynaptic receptors regulate

A

Exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What chemical synapses are commonly excitatory but proximal contacts often inhibitory

A

Axodendritic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What chemical synapses are commonly inhibitory and diminishes magnitude of action potentials

A

Axoaxonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What chemical synapses are commonly inhibitory

A

Axosomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which chemical synapse allows astrocytes to take up glutamate released by neurons and metabolize it to glutamine which is then returned back to neuron to be converted back to glutamate

A

Tripartite synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which amino acids are neurotransmitters

A 
Homocysteine 
Aspartate
GABA
Glycine
Glutamate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which gases are neurotransmitters

A

NO

CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are low molecular weight neurotransmitters synthesized

A

Loaded into small vesicles in the cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is Nitric Oxide (NO) synthesized

A

Calcium enters and forms calcium-calmodulin complex

Nitric Oxide Synthase activated

L-arginine converted to L-citrulline and NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are high molecular neurotransmitters synthesized

A

Propeptides loaded into large vesicles with cleaving enzymes

Stored farther from release sites than small vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Energy-driven pump loads vesicles with what

A

Hydrogen ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What tethers vesicles to cytoskeleton

A

Synapsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What liberates vesicles

A

Calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What facilitates movement of vesicles toward active zones

A

Rab protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which snare proteins are on the vesicle membrane

A

V-snare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which snare proteins are on the nerve membrane

A

T-snare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

V-snare synaptobrevin binds to which T-snare

A

Syntaxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

V-snare synaptotagmin binds to which T-snare

A

Neurexin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What forms fusion pore to release nuerotransmitters

A

Synaptophysin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What liberates vesicles by promoting phosphorylation of synapsin and promotes opening of fusion pore

A

Synapsin

22
Q

How are small vesicles recycled

A

Endosomes

23
Q

How are large vesicles retrieved

A

Retrograde (dyenin) transport

24
Q

Ligands influence G-protein altering metabolism and gene expression

A

Metabotropic

25
Q

How is ACH synthesized

A

From choline and acetylcoenzyme-A in presence of choline acetyltransferase

26
Q

What neurotransmitter do lower motor neurons release

A

Acetylcholine

27
Q

Ionotropic, peripheral and central

A

Nicotinic receptors

28
Q

Metabotropic, 5 types, excitatory or inhibitory

A

Muscarinic receptors

29
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitter throughout CNS

A

Glutamate

30
Q

AMPA/Quisqualate and Kainate

A

Ionotropic

Na+ and K+ flow, NO Ca2+ flow

31
Q

Agonists open a central pore, provided that glycine also occupies strychnine-insensitive binding site

A

NMDA

32
Q

Depolarization extrudes Mg2+ but allows influx of Ca2+ and Na+ and efflux of K+

A

Non-NMDA receptor mediated

33
Q

Metabotropic Glutamate receptors

A

1 & 5: postsynaptic and excitatory

2 & 3: presynaptic and inhibitory

4 & 6-8: presynaptic and inhibitory

34
Q

Negative feedback suppresses release

A

Autoreceptors

35
Q

Inhibitory nuerotransmitter throughout the CNS

A

GABA

36
Q

Ionotropic chloride-passing receptor and allosteric binding sites for benzodiazepines and barbiturates

A

GABA(A)

37
Q

Second messenger system suppresses Ca2+ channels and enhances K+ channels

A

GABA(B)

38
Q

What drug augments GABA-mediated chloride currents reducing anxiety (anxiolytics)

A

Benzodiazepines

39
Q

What enzyme converts serine to glycine

A

Transhydroxymethylase

40
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord, lower brain stem, and retina

A

Glycine

41
Q

Structurally and functionally similar to GABA(A) receptor, ionotropic chloride-passing

A

Glycine

42
Q

Which neurotransmitter receptor on motor neurons is blocked by strychnine

A

Glycine

43
Q

What blocks release of Glycine

A

Tetanus Toxin

44
Q

Which neurotransmitter is excitatory and inhibitory depending on synapse and causes feeling of happiness

A

Dopamine

45
Q

All dopamine receptors are metabotropic

A

D1-like (D1 and D5): excitatory, couple to cAMP

D2-like (D2-4): inhibitory, couple to cAMP

46
Q

Which neurotransmitter is excitatory and inhibitory depending on synapse and modulates sleep and wakefulness, attention, feeding, and emotional behaviors

A

Norepinephrine

47
Q

All norepinephrine receptors are metabotropic

A

Alpha1 and Beta1: excitatory

Alpha2 and Beta2: inhibitory

48
Q

Which neurotransmitter is excitatory and inhibitory depending on synapse and inhibits pain sensation

A

Serotonin

49
Q

All (but one) serotonin receptors are metabotropic

A

5-HT1 and 5-HT5: inhibitory

5-HT2: excitatory

5-HT4, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7: excitatory

5-HT3: excitatory (IONOTROPIC)

50
Q

Inhibitory at most synapses in the medulla and spinal cord (pain sensation)

A

Enkephalins

51
Q

Excitatory and inhibitory depending on the synapse; widely throughout CNS (pain sensation)

A

Substance P

52
Q

What is inhibited indirectly by 5-HT and Norepinephrine (although they excite enkephalinergic neurons)

A

Substance P

NB Exam 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions