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Biology > Nucleic Acids- DNA and RNA > Flashcards

Nucleic Acids- DNA and RNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

Store genetic information

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2
Q

What is the function of RNA?

A

Transfer genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

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3
Q

What does a nucleotide contain?

A

A pentose sugar, a nitrogen-containing organic base and a phosphate group

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4
Q

What is deoxyribose sugar?

A

The pentose sugar in DNA

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5
Q

What are the bases found in DNA?

A

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

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6
Q

What is ribose sugar?

A

The pentose sugar found in RNA

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7
Q

What are the bases found in RNA?

A

Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine

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8
Q

What is a polynucleotide?

A

A polymer of nucleotides

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9
Q

How do nucleotides join to form a polynucleotide?

A

Via a condensation reaction between the phosphate group of one and sugar of another

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10
Q

What bond is formed between nucleotides?

A

Phosphodiester bond

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11
Q

What is the chain of sugars and phosphates known as?

A

Sugar-phosphate backbone

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12
Q

What bonds are between bases on two DNA nucleotide strands?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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13
Q

What bases pair with complementary base pairing?

A

Adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine

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14
Q

How many hydrogen bonds form between A and T?

A

2

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15
Q

How many hydrogen bonds form between G and C?

A

3

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16
Q

How do DNA polynucleotide strands twist to form the double helix?

A

Antiparallel

17
Q

When was DNA first observed?

A

In the 1800s but lots of scientists doubted that it could carry the genetic code because it has a relatively simple chemical composition

18
Q

What did experiments find by 1953?

A

DNA was the carrier of the genetic code, double-helix structure was determined by Watson and Crick

19
Q

How is RNA different from DNA?

A

It is a single polynucleotide chain and it is much shorter than DNA

Biology (79 decks)

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