Genetics- Linkage and Epistasis Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the sex chromosomes in females?

A

XX

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2
Q

What are the sex chromosomes in males?

A

XY

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3
Q

When is a characteristic said to be sex-linked?

A

When the allele that codes for it is located on a sex chromosome

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4
Q

How is the Y chromosome different to the X chromosome?

A

The Y chromosome is smaller and contains fewer genes

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5
Q

Why are men more likely to show recessive alleles carried on the X chromosome?

A

They only have one X chromosome so express the characteristic even if it’s recessive

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6
Q

What are examples of X-linked disorders?

A

Colour-blindness and haemophilia

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7
Q

What does autosome mean?

A

Any chromosome that isn’t a sex chromosome

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8
Q

Why are genes on the same autosome said to be linked?

A

They are on the same chromosome so they’ll stay together during the independent segregation of chromosomes

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9
Q

Why are genes more closely linked the closer together they are on the autosome?

A

Because this means that crossing over is less likely to split them up

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10
Q

What is epistasis?

A

The allele of one gene masks the expression of alleles of other genes

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