Nucleic Acids And Proteins Flashcards
Nucleic acids
The genetic material that all organisms have that controls cellular activity, and is made up of monomer units called nucleotides
Proteome
The complete set of protein products of the genome (complete set of genes of DNA in an organism).
Primary structure of protein structure
The linear sequence of amino acids.
Secondary structure of proteins
The folding or coiling of polypeptide chains due to hydrogen bonds.
Tertiary structure of protein
The structure of proteins created by further folding resulting from the bonds formed between the r groups of amino acids (helps stability- more stability than secondary structure).
Quaternary structure of proteins
Two or more polypeptide chains joined together as a single functioning protein.
Condensation polymerisation
The reaction in which monomers are joined to create a polymer by the removal of water.
DNA
A double stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic code in its sequence of bases.
Transfer rna
Brings amino acid to a ribosome for translation.
Messenger rna
RNA that has been transcribed from DNA in the nucleus.
Ribosomal rna
A nucleic acid synthesised in the nucleolus that forms part of the ribosome.
Triplet
Three nucleotides in DNA that have the genetic information for the amino acids in a protein.
Codon
Sequence of three nucleotides on messenger rna strand produced by transcription.
Anticodon
Three nucleotides on a transfer rna molecule that join to the codons on messenger rna by complementary base pairing rules during the process of translation.
Gene expression
Process that leads to the transformation of the information stored in genes into a functional product (as a protein or rna).
