Human Changes Over Time

Question 1

Primates characteristics

Answer 1

Grasping hands, bicuspid teeth, short nose, well-developed eyes and brain.

Question 2

Hominid characteristics

Answer 2

Lack a tail and have similar skeletal and behavioural features.

Question 3

Hominins characteristics

Answer 3

Bipedal and a relatively large cranial capacity

Question 4

Homo sapiens

Answer 4

• large and complex brain of any of the hominins.

- have the ability to plan, abstract think, ritual, symbolism, large prey capture and advanced tool making

Question 5

Hormon neanderthalensis

Answer 5

• co existed with humans and there is evidence the two species interbred.
• had the largest cranial capacity (allow this is hypothesised to be because of advanced vision rather than problem solving)

Question 6

Homo erectus

Answer 6

-first of humans relatives to walk upright

Question 7

Homo habilis

Answer 7

• oldest know species of the genus homo

- nicknamed the ‘handy man’

Question 8

Homo heidelbergensis

Answer 8

• thought to be the species to use fire

- first to successfully live in colder climate

Question 9

Genus Australopithecus

Answer 9

• Lucy
• flat nose, projecting chin, small brain case, curved fingers
• found in Eastern Africa
• walked upright on a regular basis but still climbed in trees
• genus homo is related to Australopithecus

Question 10

How culture is accumulated

Answer 10

Knowledge is passed on to the the next generation by verbal, written or symbolic communication and this evolves over time.

Question 11

Out of Africa theory

Answer 11

• most widely accepted theory for the origin of modern humans.
• all living modern humans evolved from a single common ancestor in Africa about 200,000 years ago
• spread out from Africa to the rest of the world, replacing the other hominins species

Question 12

Multi regional theory

Answer 12

-proposes significant migration of homo erectus across Africa, Asia and Europe
-concurrent evolution of all groups into Homo sapiens.
This theory suggests there was interbreeding and flow between various populations in Africa and Eurasia.

Question 13

Assimilation theory

Answer 13

• proposes that all living humans had an African origin

- then migrated out of Africa, occasionally interbreeding with archaic humans, resulting in hybrid populations.

Question 14

Homo Denisovans

Answer 14

• only known from a finger bone and two teeth that were discovered in Denisovans cave in Siberia.
• closely related to both humans and Neanderthals but genetically distant.
• molecular studies suggest interbreeding between all three species.