Biological Knowlegde And Society Flashcards
Gene cloning
The production of genetical copies of a gene.
Genetic screening
Genetic testing samples from embryos, foetuses, newborns or adults to identify disease-associated alleles.
DNA profiling
Technique to produce an individual’s unique pattern of DNA bands on a gel. Produced by analyzing short tandem repeats regions of the genome.
Genetically modified organisms
Organism whose genome has been altered
Transgenic organism
An organism with genetic modification made by the transfer of specific genes from another organism added to their own genome.
Epidemic
a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
Pandemic
A disease prevalent over a whole country or the world.
Antiviral drugs
Mode of action:
- Denature proteins
- Dissolve lipids
- interrupt cell division
HIV medication
Antiviral drug that reduces cell replication of virus infected cells.
RNA viruses
Have RNA.
- RNA viruses have special enzymes
- Reverse transcriptase produces DNA from RNA
- Integrase helps put the viral DNA into eukaryotic cells.
Retroviruses
Enzymes with reverse transcriptase are called retroviruses.
Pathogen
An agent that can cause disease.
Virus
A non cellular pathogen that injects genetic material in host cells so the host cells make more viruses.
Viruses are either DNA or RNA covered in a protein capsid.
Enveloped virus
- The outermost envelope is made up of phospholipids, proteins or glycoprotein which surround the capsid.
- Enveloped viruses are less virulent often released by budding and rarely cause host cell lysis.
- Are sensitive to heat, acids, and drying
- Generally it cannot survive inside gastrointestinal tract
- It lose its infectivity on drying
- It will induce both cell mediated and antibody mediated immune response in the host
- Mode of transmission is through blood or organ transplants or through secretions
Antibiotics
Effective against bacteria.
