Determning Relatedness Between Species

Question 1

Dna and amino acid sequencing

Answer 1

Similarities in set of proteins and genes are evidence of a recent common ancestor.

Question 2

Mitochondrial dna as a molecular clock

Answer 2

As mitochondrial dna is passed maternally and its fast mutation rate as well as other reasons Mt dna can be used in closely related species to determine divergent sometimes better than nuclear dna which would be better used for older lineages

Question 3

Dna hybridisation steps

Answer 3

1. Get samples of dna from two different organisms.
2. Heat dna so it becomes single stranded.
3. Cool and mix so the two samples anneals together.
4. The more similar the strands the more hydrogen bonds formed between them.
5. Heat again to determine the melting temperature.

Question 4

Phylogenetic trees

Answer 4

Show the evolutionary relationship between a group of different species based on their individual similarities and differences in molecular and morphological homology.

Question 5

Master regulatory genes

Answer 5

Control the process of embryonic development.

Question 6

Bmp4

Answer 6

Gene that regulates the development of cartilage and muscular cell development in the jaws of a cichild fish and regulates the width of the beak in finches.

Question 7

Cam protein

Answer 7

Controls the length of the beaks in finches during embryonic development.

Question 8

Adaptive radiation example

Answer 8

Darwins finches on the Galapagos island ans cichild fish of east Africa