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nucleic acids Flashcards

1
Q

monomeric units of nucleic acid

A

nucleotides

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2
Q

sugar in DNA

A

deoxyribose

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3
Q

RNA sugar

A

ribose

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4
Q

RNA direction

A

3’ - 5’

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5
Q

DNA direction

A

5’ - 3’

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6
Q

These bonds hold strands together in double helix

A

hydrogen bonds

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7
Q

cells with no nucleus

A

prokaryotes

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8
Q

cells with nucleus

A

eukaryotes

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9
Q

base + sugar + phosphate

A

nucleotide

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10
Q

base + sugar

A

nucleoside

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11
Q

phosphate backbone is created by these bonds

A

phosphodiester bonds

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12
Q

All of an organisms DNA (nuclear + mitochondria)

A

genome

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13
Q

Display of 46 chromosomes, arranged by size, pattern, color

A

Karotype

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14
Q

Area where initiation of replication occurs

A

Origin of replication

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15
Q

Name the 5 nucleosides

A

Adenosine, Guanosine, Cytidine Thymidine, Uridine

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16
Q

Name the 5 bases

A

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

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17
Q

Bases which contain Purine

A

Adenine and Guanine

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18
Q

Bases which contain Pyridine

A

Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil

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19
Q

More enegry to break C-G or A-T?

A

C-G, 3 H bonds vs. 2 H bonds

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20
Q

Name DNA conformations

A

Z, B, and A

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21
Q

Fundamental unit of heredity

A

genes

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22
Q

specific location on chromosome

A

locus

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23
Q

center of gene

A

centromere

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24
Q

arms of gene

A

telomeres

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25
does # chromosomes or total genome size correspond to complexity?
Total genome size
26
Packaging order of DNA
Chromatin, chromatin fiber, section of chromosome, condensed section, chromosome
27
protein complexes containing large sets of arginine and lysine
histones
28
acetyltransferase does this to acetyl groups on histones
adds and destabilizes (HATS)
29
Histone deaceytltransferase does this
removes acetyl groups (HDACs)
30
DNA that is loose/open for transcription
enchromatin or acetylated
31
highly condensed DNA
heterchromatin or de-acetylated
32
Protein complexes of histones
arginine and lysine
33
3 major forms of RNA
m, r and t
34
This RNA acts as an enzyme
ribozymes
35
mRNA order
(leader, region , tail) - 5' cap, start codon, stop codon, poly A tail
36
protein synthesis occurs here
rRNA
37
Prokaryoitc ribosomes
70s subunits 50s, 30s
38
Eukaryotic ribosomes
80s subunits 60 s, 40s
39
RNA that carries amino acids to ribosome
tRNA
40
RNA that form cloverleaf shape
tRNA
41
Primers for DNA replication
oligonucleotides
42
involve in splicing
small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs)
43
small non coding RNA
micro RNA
44
RNA required for protein synthesis
rRNA and tRNA
45
rRNA + proteins =
ribosomes
46
Ribosomes bind these during translation
mRNA and tRNA
47
RNA which contains an anticodon which binds to this RNA
tRNA, mRNA
48
Location of DNA in eukaryotes
nucleus and mitochondiria
49
overall charge of DNA helix, due to this molecule
negative, oxygen
50
when is Z-DNA found
transiently, during transcription
51
Most common DNA conformation
A-DNA
52
FISH
flourescent in situ hybridization
53
E.coli # genes, human # genes
3000, 20,000
54
non-coding regulatory sequences includes these
promotors and enhancers
55
two species have the same set of genes in the same order, this is called
conserved synteny
56
4 histone proteins classes
H2A, H2B, H3, H4
57
helical, tubular coils of chromatin are called
solenoids
58
charge of histone balance the charge of DNA backbone
(+) charge
59
describe tail of histone
long N-terminal amino acid tail
60
How histone tails are modififed
acetylation and methylation of lysines, phosphrylation of serines
61
HDACS silence these genes
p53
62
difference between uracil and thymine
presence of methyl group in thymine at pos 5
63
processed mRNA exit the nucleus through these 1. and into this 2.
nuclear pores, cytoplasm
64
these are removed from mRNA during processing
intron, non-coding gene sequences
65
3 types of prokaryotic rRNA
5S, 23S, 16S
66
4 types of eukaryotic ribosomes
5S, 5.8S, 18S, and 28S
67
RNA that regulates mRNA degradation, translation, chromatin condensation
microRNA

Foundations (10 decks)

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