geneexpression

Question 1

number of cells required to clone an animal

Answer 1

one

Question 2

transcripitionally active chromatin

Answer 2

euchromatin

Question 4

region that controls gene transcription

Answer 4

regulatory region

Question 5

transcriptionally inactive

Answer 5

heterochromatin

Question 6

regulatory regions control genes in this manner

Answer 6

turn genes on and off

Question 7

stretches of Dna of defined sequences

Answer 7

cis-acting

Question 8

regulatory proteins bind to this part of the helix

Answer 8

major groove

Question 9

gene regulatory proteins that recognize cis-acting

Answer 9

trans-acting

Question 10

structural motifs on gene regulatory proteins recognize these

Answer 10

DNA sequences

Question 11

most common and simplest motif

Answer 11

helix-turn-helix

Question 12

subclass of helix-turn-helix

Answer 12

homeodomain

Question 13

motif in which two alpha helices are joined together in a short coiled-coil structure

Answer 13

leucine zipper

Question 14

describe zinc finger motif proteins

Answer 14

alpha helices and beta sheets coordinated by zinc atoms

Question 15

creates homodimes and heterodimers

Answer 15

helix-loop-helix motif

Question 16

name two gene switches

Answer 16

lac operon and tryptophan synthesizing operon

Question 17

exampe of repressors and activators working together

Answer 17

lac operon in E.coli

Question 18

number of gene regulaotry proteins in eukaryotes

Answer 18

thousands

Question 19

DNA sequence where the general transcriptioin factors and polymerase aseemble

Answer 19

promotor

Question 20

regulatory sites that are distant from the promotor

Answer 20

enhancers

Question 21

gene regulaotry proteins consist of two domains

Answer 21

structural motif and activation domain

Question 22

repressors work in these 2 ways

Answer 22

inactivate transcription factors and change chromatin

Question 23

ways activity of gene regulaaotyr proteins are regulated

Answer 23

proteins synthesis, ligand binding, protein phosphorylation, addition of second subunit, unmasking, stimulation of nuclear entry, release of membrane

Question 24

group of proteins that form together on an enhancer to regulate transcription

Answer 24

enhanceosome

Question 25

DNA sequeces that prevent regulaotyr proteins form influencing distant genes

Answer 25

insulators

Question 26

example fo set of genes coordinated by single protein

Answer 26

glucacorticoid receptor

Question 27

clonl inheriatnce fo a condensed inactive X chromosom in female mammals

Answer 27

x-inactivation

Question 28

heritable, reversible changes in the genome that regulate gene expressoin

Answer 28

epigenetics

Question 29

effect of methylation on some genes

Answer 29

allows other proteins to bind nad gene shut down

Question 30

how methylation causes cancer

Answer 30

shutting down tumor suppressor genes

Question 31

def of imprinting

Answer 31

diff. expression fo a gene allele depending on parental origin

Question 32

splice variants linked to these diseases

Answer 32

breast cancer and thalassemias

Question 33

name 3 extracellular signals

Answer 33

peptide horomons, growth factors, lipid soluble steroid horomones

Question 34

sufficient cellular iron has this effect on trasnferrin receptor

Answer 34

degradation

Question 35

proteins involved in the active transport of mRNA out of nucleus

Answer 35

hnRNA binding proteins

Question 37

RNA that silence viral gene expression

Answer 37

miRNA, siRNA, lincRNA

Question 38

low cellular iron prevents this

Answer 38

mRNA degradation

Question 39

20% of human genes encode these

Answer 39

antisense mRNA

Question 40

Fragile X

Answer 40

x-linked disorder cause of common form of retardation

Question 41

binds and sequesters intracellular iron

Answer 41

ferritin

Question 42

low iron requires cells to do this to ferritin production

Answer 42

shut down

Question 43

addition of a carbohydrate

Answer 43

glycosylation

Question 44

kinase make protein active or inactive vis this

Answer 44

phosphorylation

Question 45

lipid modifications target a protein to this structure

Answer 45

membane

Question 46

can unmask a functional unit of a protein

Answer 46

cleavage

Question 47

effect of (+) lactose ins lac operon

Answer 47

no repressor

Question 48

effect of (+)glucose in lac operon

Answer 48

no cap

Question 49

situation where operon is on

Answer 49

(-) glucose (+) lactose, cap on, reperessor not bound