nucleic acid

Question 1

a nucleoside has what two components

Answer 1

sugar and base

Question 2

what is the difference between a ribose and deoxyribose?

Answer 2

on the 2’ carbon ribose has OH

Question 3

it is the ___ that determines whether the nucleic acid is DNA or RNA

Answer 3

sugar

Question 4

the 3’ OH on carbon of nucleic acid reacts with?

Answer 4

dNTP

Question 5

the OH on ribose 2’ carbon makes what difference in reactivity

Answer 5

the ribose is more reactive and therefore less stable

Question 6

the ribose strucker is ____ which allows for movement and more reactions

Answer 6

puckered

Question 7

the purines have one or two aromatic group (pure as gold)

Answer 7

two

Question 8

guanine has what two distinctive features as opposed to adenine

Answer 8

double bonded oxygen (6’) and NH2 (2’)

Question 9

where is a purines point of attachment

Answer 9

9’ NH

Question 10

where is a pyrimidines point of attachment

Answer 10

1 pyrimidine

Question 11

what are thymines to unique properties as opposed to cytosine and uracil

Answer 11

CH3 (5’) and double bonded O (4’)

Question 12

the sugar and the base are attached by what bond?

Answer 12

N-b-glycosidic bond?

Question 13

attachment of phosphate is at ___ carbon

Answer 13

5’

Question 14

the ___ ____ links C3’ OH of one nucleotide to C5’-phosphate of the next

Answer 14

phosphodiester bond

Question 15

Two reasons RNA is less stable than DNA

Answer 15

it is single stranded and therefore open to degradation (base-catalyzed hydrolysis) and reactive OH

Question 16

____ strand absorbs more UV light

Answer 16

single

Question 17

what is chargaffs rule

Answer 17

A+G=C+T

Question 18

what is the most important factor in stability for double helix

Answer 18

base stacking

Question 19

C=G have how many hydrogen bonds

Answer 19

C-G

Question 20

the strands of DNA run __ ___ and are complimentary

Answer 20

anti parallel

Question 21

bases being in anti conformation allows for less steric henderence and allows for rotation around _ _____ bond

Answer 21

N-glycosidic

Question 22

left handed helix, more extended and formed by particular base sequences

Answer 22

z form

Question 23

watson and crick DNA structure, right handed helix (most stable)

Answer 23

B form

Question 24

found in relative absense of H20, right handed helix, wider and more compact (crystallization)

Answer 24

A form

Question 25

B form DNA base pairs per helical turn

Answer 25

10.5

Question 26

helix rise per base pair B form

Answer 26

3.4

Question 27

The ___ starts out as single stranded whether m or t

Answer 27

RNA

Question 28

when double stranded, RNA is __ ___

Answer 28

A form

Question 29

RNA can have many folds such as __ ___ ___

Answer 29

bulge, internal loop, hairpin

Question 30

guanine and uracil is an example of

Answer 30

non-canonical base pairing

Question 31

DNA can be dissociated by increasing _

Answer 31

Temperature

Question 32

Temperature is proportional to GC content, why?

Answer 32

GC has more hydrogen bonds which makes it harder to break apart, requires more heat

Question 33

why do single stranded absorb more light

Answer 33

nor base paired

Question 34

cytosin to ___ is the most common deamination of bases

Answer 34

uracil

Question 35

depurination reaction which removes base and result is a apurinic or apyrimidci site of nucleic acid (likely with guanine residue in DNA into 8-oxyl guanine) what is the name?

Answer 35

hydrolysis of N-glycosidic bond

Question 36

adjacent thymines crosslinked into one of two products, result is DNA kink (can lead to double strand break

Answer 36

UV crosslinking

Question 37

deaminating agents and alkylating agents are chemicals which can cause ____ and ____

Answer 37

misspairing and breaks

Question 38

we can determine DNA sequences through _____ analog

Answer 38

ddNTP

Question 39

how is sanger sequencing done?

Answer 39

the last nucleotide added is dideoxy base with an H at 3’ which cannot form phosphodiester bond and reaction terminates

Question 40

(sequencing on gel is read from bottom to top) the sequenced strand in a gel is read ____ to ___ where inferred strand is read ___ to ____ (bottom to top)

Answer 40

5’ to 3’ , 3’ to 5’