carbohydrate chemistry Flashcards
chemical formula of carbohydrate
Cn(H2O)n in repeating chains
carbohydrates are produced from CO2 and H2O via ____ in plants
photosynthesis
carbohydrates are functionally important three ways
- energy source
- structural (Cell walls and exoskeletons)
- informational molecules in cell-cell signaling
monosaccharides are in the form of either ___ or ____
aldehydes or ketones
polysaccharides are either ___ or ____
linear or branched
mono and disaccharides end in
-ose
within carbohydrate structures for every n chiral (4 unique groups) centers there are ___ possible stereoisomers
2^n
from the chiral carbon D isomer will have OH on what side
right
we only use _ isomer for carbohydrates in our bodies
D
if the OH in the fischer projection is on the right then the sugar is __ isomer
D
when the C double bond O is on the first carbon of the fischer projection it is a, if its on the second its a ___
aldose; ketose
chiral center on sugar fischer projection is ____ from the C double bond O
farthest
if they differ in configuration in at least one chiral center but not all
diasteromers
if they differ in configuration in exacrly one chiral center they are
epimers
diasteromers have ____ chemical and physical properties
different
glucose starts as a 6 carbon sugar but breaks up into 2 3 carbon sugars that get are
a ketose and aldose
5 membered cyclic sugars are
furanoses
6 membered cyclic sugars are known as
pyranoses
the anomeric carbon in an alpha ring has OH on ____
bottom
____ are reducing sugars, give electrons
aldoses
non reducing sugars don’t have a free __
OH
when a linear sugar cyclizes an ___ is added to an aldehyde or ketone
alcohol
when to monosaccharised join to form a disaccharide an ___ is added to a hemiacetal; this is a hydrolysis-condensation reaction
alcohol
a non reducing sugar will have
no free anomeric carbon, two acetals and no hemiacetal to open into linear form
