carbohydrate chemistry

Question 1

chemical formula of carbohydrate

Answer 1

Cn(H2O)n in repeating chains

Question 2

carbohydrates are produced from CO2 and H2O via ____ in plants

Answer 2

photosynthesis

Question 3

carbohydrates are functionally important three ways

Answer 3

1. energy source
2. structural (Cell walls and exoskeletons)
3. informational molecules in cell-cell signaling

Question 4

monosaccharides are in the form of either ___ or ____

Answer 4

aldehydes or ketones

Question 5

polysaccharides are either ___ or ____

Answer 5

linear or branched

Question 6

mono and disaccharides end in

Answer 6

-ose

Question 7

within carbohydrate structures for every n chiral (4 unique groups) centers there are ___ possible stereoisomers

Answer 7

2^n

Question 8

from the chiral carbon D isomer will have OH on what side

Answer 8

right

Question 9

we only use _ isomer for carbohydrates in our bodies

Answer 9

D

Question 10

if the OH in the fischer projection is on the right then the sugar is __ isomer

Answer 10

D

Question 11

when the C double bond O is on the first carbon of the fischer projection it is a, if its on the second its a ___

Answer 11

aldose; ketose

Question 12

chiral center on sugar fischer projection is ____ from the C double bond O

Answer 12

farthest

Question 13

if they differ in configuration in at least one chiral center but not all

Answer 13

diasteromers

Question 14

if they differ in configuration in exacrly one chiral center they are

Answer 14

epimers

Question 15

diasteromers have ____ chemical and physical properties

Answer 15

different

Question 16

glucose starts as a 6 carbon sugar but breaks up into 2 3 carbon sugars that get are

Answer 16

a ketose and aldose

Question 17

5 membered cyclic sugars are

Answer 17

furanoses

Question 18

6 membered cyclic sugars are known as

Answer 18

pyranoses

Question 19

the anomeric carbon in an alpha ring has OH on ____

Answer 19

bottom

Question 20

____ are reducing sugars, give electrons

Answer 20

aldoses

Question 21

non reducing sugars don’t have a free __

Answer 21

OH

Question 22

when a linear sugar cyclizes an ___ is added to an aldehyde or ketone

Answer 22

alcohol

Question 23

when to monosaccharised join to form a disaccharide an ___ is added to a hemiacetal; this is a hydrolysis-condensation reaction

Answer 23

alcohol

Question 24

a non reducing sugar will have

Answer 24

no free anomeric carbon, two acetals and no hemiacetal to open into linear form

Question 26

glycogen is a branched homopolysaccharide of glucose and has ____ linkage

Answer 26

alpha 1–>4

Question 27

starch is a mixture of two homopolysaccharides of ____

Answer 27

glucose

Question 28

glycogen and amylopectin have one reducing end but many ___ ____ ends

Answer 28

non reducing (much quicker way to break down energy)

Question 29

cellulose has glucose polymers linked by beta 1-4 and has __ ___ betweern adjaent monomers; makes it strong

Answer 29

hydrogen bond

Question 30

agar and agarose contain modified ___ units and used for seperation of DNA

Answer 30

galactose