bioenergetics

Question 1

the equilibrium constant equation (Keq)

Answer 1

[products eq] / [reactant eq]

Question 2

change in G equation

Answer 2

-RT ln (Keq)

Question 3

when Keq is greater then 1 (more products than reactants) delta G is

Answer 3

negative

Question 4

when Keq equals 1 (same number of products and reactants) delta G is

Answer 4

0

Question 5

equilibrium does not mean that the concentration of ___ and ____ are equal

Answer 5

products and reactants

Question 6

delta g tells you how ____ are the products relative to reactants

Answer 6

stable

Question 7

the delta g also tells you the ___ of products to reacts if a reaction reaches equilibrium

Answer 7

ratio

Question 8

delta G is what you use under non standard conditions what is used for standard conditons

Answer 8

delta G’°

Question 9

delta G = delta G’° + RT ln(G) ; when is this equation used

Answer 9

under non standard conditions

Question 10

Q is what

Answer 10

reaction quotient

Question 11

if a reaction is at equilibrium Q= and delta G is

Answer 11

Keq; 0

Question 12

if the reaction goes to the left to form more reactants then Q__ Keq and delta G is ___ 0

Answer 12

> ; >

Question 13

if the reaction goes to the right to form more products then Q ___ Keq and delta G __ 0

Answer 13

< ; <

Question 14

can a reaction proceed is delta G is greater then 0

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

what do we have to make sure of to allow a reaction to overcome delta G > 0

Answer 15

products have to be much less than reactants (product removal; making B make something else is a fast way to do this)

Question 16

metabolism is all about “coupling” favorable reactions to ______ reactions

Answer 16

unfavorable

Question 17

hydrolysis of ATP is very favorable under standard conditions why?

Answer 17

1. better charge seperation
2. better solvation of products (ADP ionizes right away)
3. more favorable resonance stabilization of products

Question 18

hydrolysis of ATP is already thermodynamically favorable because delta G’° is ______

Answer 18

negative

Question 19

cellular ATP conc. is usually far _____ the equilibrium conc.

Answer 19

above

Question 20

what is the most sensitive indicator of energy in the cell

Answer 20

AMP

Question 21

ATP is not the only phosphorylated compound whose hydrolysis is favorable; what is the other one?

Answer 21

PEP to pyruvate by hydrolysis (has same three properties)

Question 22

you can also hydrolyze molecules other than phosphates for energy such as

Answer 22

hydrolysis of thioesters such as acetyl-CoA

Question 23

There are molecules with higher delta G than ATP but ATP is good because delta g is not so high that it cannot be

Answer 23

overcome

Question 24

when you tag something with a phosphate you use it as a good __ group

Answer 24

leaving

Question 25

when a reaction uses the energy of ATP to proceed forward, ATP is not usually hydrolyzed what occurs is __ ____

Answer 25

group transfer

Question 26

depending on the reaction you can use PPi, ADP or AMP to move the reaction ____; ATP is very versatile

Answer 26

forward

Question 27

something with high affinity for electrons in reaction with something with low affinity for electrons provides an ___

Answer 27

emf

Question 28

the electromotive force (emf) can be harnassed to do

Answer 28

work

Question 29

what 4 different ways can electrons be transfeered

Answer 29

1. directly as electrons
2. as hydrogen arons
3. as hydride ions
4. when something combines directly with oxygen

Question 30

oxidation reactions always occur togetehr with

Answer 30

reduction reactions

Question 31

standard reduction potential is __ and measures affinity of electron acceptor for electron

Answer 31

E°

Question 32

If there is a high affinity for electrons E° is < or > 0

Answer 32

> 0 (greater then)

Question 33

the one w

Question 34

when you combine tow redox couples the one with the bigger E° will be flipped or proceed as written

Answer 34

proceed as written

Question 35

(will absolutely be on exam)
change in E° =

Answer 35

E° red - E° ox

Question 36

change in E° > 0 means reaction is

Answer 36

favorable

Question 37

change in G’° = -nF * change in E’°

Answer 37

-n = numbers of electrons and F is fer constant

Question 38

what is the name of the molecule which donates its electrons

Answer 38

reducing agent

Question 39

what is standard free energy of ATP?
- small and positive
- large and positive
- large and negative
small and positive

Answer 39

large and negative

Question 40

the relationship between keq’° and chnage in G’°

Answer 40

-RTln(Keq)