fatty acid metabolism

Question 1

__ of energy needs come from dietary triacylglycerols

Answer 1

1/3

Question 2

heart and liver get about __ of energy from oxidizing fatty acids

Answer 2

80%

Question 3

fatty acid carry more energy per carbon because they are ___ ____

Answer 3

more reduced

Question 4

mobilizing stored fat can be in response to hormones such as

Answer 4

epinephrine and glucagon

Question 5

fatty acids travel bound to ___ ___

Answer 5

serum albumin

Question 6

___ ___activates glycerol and uses 1 ATP

Answer 6

glycerol kinase

Question 7

beta oxidation of fatty acid occurs in

Answer 7

mitochondria

Question 8

small fatty acids diffuse accross mitochondrial membranes ___

Answer 8

freely

Question 9

first step in beta oxidation is ___ the fatty acid for transport

Answer 9

activated (Added a good leaving grouo)

Question 10

larger fatty acids use carnitine to ___

Answer 10

transport

Question 11

fatty acids are activated by forming thioester to CoA which is

Answer 11

acyl CoA

Question 12

coupling the fatty acyl group to CoA creates a __ ___ compound in two step process

Answer 12

high energy

Question 13

what is the pre activation step of fatty acid

Answer 13

adenylation of fatty acid places good leaving group which is AMP

Question 14

what is the activation step of fatty acid

Answer 14

AMP is replaced by acyl CoA

Question 15

acetyl co a is catalyzed by ___ ___ and makes an acyl carnitine

Answer 15

carnitine acyltransferase I

Question 16

acyl carnitine gets swapped for free carnitine in matrix by

Answer 16

carnitine acyltransferase II

Question 17

carnitine mediated import is the ___ ___ to beta oxidation (also rate limiting step)

Answer 17

committed step

Question 18

stage 1 of fatty acid oxidation consists of oxidative conversion of 2 carbon units into ______

Answer 18

acetyl-CoA

Question 19

stage 2 involves oxidation of acetyl-coa into CO2 via __ ___ __

Answer 19

citric acid cycle

Question 20

stage 3 of fatty acid oxidation generates ___ from NADH and FADH2 via ___ ___

Answer 20

ATP; respiratory chain

Question 21

ex. 16 carbon molecule, how many rounds of beta oxidation (i.e how many acetyl coa)? how many electrons are generated per oxidation

Answer 21

8, 3.5

Question 22

the beta oxidation consists of _ reactions per each reaction

Answer 22

4

Question 23

what are the four steps of beta oxidation

Answer 23

oxidation, hydration, oxidation, or cleavage

Question 24

oxidation occurs at _ carbon

Answer 24

beta

Question 25

the b oxidation pathway ends in what two products

Answer 25

acyl-coA and acetyl CoA

Question 26

oxidation step is catalyzed by

Answer 26

acyl-coA dehydrogenase

Question 27

acyl-coA dehydrogenase is analogous to ___ ___ (FADH uses ETF to put electrons on Q)

Answer 27

succinate dehydrogenase

Question 28

hydration step is catalyzed by ___ __

Answer 28

enoyl-coA hydratase

Question 29

enoyl-coA hydratase is analogous to ___ reaction in citric acid cycle

Answer 29

fumarase

Question 30

2nd oxidation step is catalyzed by beta-hydroxyaxyl-coA dehydrogenase and is analogous to

Answer 30

malate dehydrogenase

Question 31

cleavage step is catalyzed by ____

Answer 31

thiolase

Question 32

___ ATP per NADH and __ ATP per FADH2

Answer 32

2.5, 1.5

Question 33

net yeild of beta oxidation is

Answer 33

106 ATP

Question 34

when you have an unsaturated fatty acid the double bond will become cis and then has to be converted back to ___ by isomerization

Answer 34

trans

Question 35

in a polyunsaturated fatty acid first cis bond goes through isomerization but a ____ reaction will happen to other double bond

Answer 35

reduction