Nuclei Acids Flashcards
What are nuclei acids ?
They are macromolecules made of units called nucleotides .
Including: Deoxyribonucleic acid and Ribo nuclei acid
What is DNA ?
Is the molecule which gives an organism its identity as well as continuity of life .
In addition, they provide instructions for how or when proteins should be made /build and maintain functioning cells , tissues and organism
They ate broken
What is RNA?
ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells.
Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins,
although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information.
What is a Nucleotide made up of ?
Three parts this include :
- Monosaccharide : D ribose or 2-deoxy ribose
- Nitrogenous base (Purine/Pyrimidine) Adenine/thymine
3.Phosphate
Examples: Adenine (purine)
In DNA, adenine bonds with thymine.A-T
In RNA, adenine bonds with uracil. A-U
Examples together :
Adenylate
guanylate
Cytidyalte
What is the Nucleoside made up ?
They consists of two parts ;
- Sugar : Ribose/deoxyribose
- Nitrogenous base (Purine/Pyrimidine )
Name some of the bases in DNA ?
Adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine.
Name some of the bases in RNA ?
Adenine, guanine, cytosine and Uracil
How do you know the difference between RNA and DNA in terms of stricture and diagram ?
The absence of OH group in carbon 2 or the present of carbon 2 on OH group
What are the bonds which connect the bases ?
Phosphate Di -ester linkage.
What are the main function of RNA ?
Transcribe Information stored in the DNA into be understood and read by the cell.
Assists in the protein synthesis process.
RNA is used to form proteins in ribosomes .
What happens during an aqueous solution/environment ?
The hydrophilic regions interact with polar molecules to stabilize the structure of DNA.
Phosphors di ester due to less sucestiple to hydrolysis.
DNA molecules are stable than RNA molecules .
What are purines ?
Purine have two rings
One ring is (1)6 sides and the other is (2)5 sides.
Purines include Adenine and Guanine .
Both these structures have three double bond.
If they don’t have a hydrogen its a lone pair
Adenine has a NH2 on its structure on the top carbon 6 whereas, Guanine has NH2 on the left side of the structure .Carbon 2
Guanine also has a carboxyl group on the top. Carbon 6
At point N9 on purines is where ribose sugar is attached .
What are Pyrimidines ?
They have only one ring which is a six member ring .
Cysteine , thymine and uracil are all included .
They have a double bond on carbon 6
Thymine - Have a methyl group ./Carbon 5
Uracil - Original : Carboxyl group
Cysteine: Extra double bond and NH2 on carbon 4
N1 is where the sugar is attached .
For example thymine will have a DNA sugar attached ti it .
Uracil : Will have a RNA ribose sugar attached to it .
Cystemune :
What happens when ribo sugar is added ?
Added to cytosine it becomes cytidine. RNA
If it has a purine /pyrimidine
Purine - Two nitrogenous bases
Pyrimidine :One
