Electronegativity Flashcards
What is Electronegativity ?
Its the tendency to attract a bonding pair of electrons
What does the difference in Electronegativity produce ?
They produce bond polarity i.e. Non-polar and Polar
What does it mean by non polar ?
When electrons are shared equally
CO2
CH4
What does it mean by Polar ?
which one atom has a greater attraction for the electrons than the other atom. Can include ionic
Water (H2O) is a polar molecule. …
Ethanol is polar because the oxygen atoms attract electrons because of their higher electronegativity than other atoms in the molecule. …
Ammonia (NH3) is polar.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is polar. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is polar.
What do elements in the right side of the periodic table do ?
Elements with high electronegativity’s tend to acquire electrons in chemical reactions and are found in the upper right corner of the periodic table. Noble gases
Why do Polar molecules have higher greater electronegativity ?
Such as HC1 Hydrochloric acid , have permanent dipole due to much greater electronegativity of chlorine atoms and its not symmetrical .
What happens during covalent bonds ?
The electrons are pulled towards each other sharing electrons equally Which are known as non-polar covalent bonds
What happens during Polar covalent bonds ?
This is where there is higher electronegativity on one side causing unsymmetrical distribution .With oxygen being more electronegative and attracting the electrons strongly. Hydrogen as well as having a formal charge of - one .
What does Methane have CH4 ,?
They have much less polar because the electronegativity of carbon and hydrogen are similar .
Ionic bonds ?
+/- attract each other forming an ionic bond
The positively charged is called cation
The negatively charged is called a anion .
Example include NACI
What happens to metals on the left side of the periodic table ?
They attract electrons weakly , by having a lower electronegativity . .
What does it mean by inductive effect ?
Shifting of electrons in a bond in response to electronegativity .EN
Hydrogen bonds
Strong intermolecular forces
Water molecules form hydrogen bonds between each other .
O,N, F are all atoms which pull electrons towards them by having a higher electronegativity .
What do Linear shapes consists of ?
180 degrees
Linear shape they consist of two atoms
H-BE-H O -=C=0
What do Molecules with 120 degrees apart ?
BF3
