Lipids Part 2

Question 1

What are the function of lipids ?

Answer 1

Store energy
Insulation /regular heat
Make up membranes
Cell messengers

Question 2

What are the type of Lipids ?

Answer 2

Steroids
Tricylerides
Waxes
Phospholipids

Question 3

What is Functional groups ?

Answer 3

COOH

Question 4

Which is healthier ?

Answer 4

unsaturated because of more kinks and bents look for carbons carbon not carbon and hydrogen

Question 5

Which disrupt London forces ?

Answer 5

Cis distrupt London forces preventing tails from packing together .

Question 6

How are trans created ?

Answer 6

Hydrogenation in which food is chemically processed.

Question 7

Give examples of steroids ?

Answer 7

Hormones
Vitamins
Cholesterol

Question 8

What is the structure of steroids ?

Answer 8

Have four rings in which a b c is 6 rings and d is 5 rings

Methyl group is attached to the ring.

Question 9

What are the two types of conformations ?

Answer 9

Trans -A - B beta cist to the methyl

Methyl are in axil position top

Question 10

How do you determine beta cis and trans or alpha cis and trans ?

Answer 10

If its up its cis due to the hydrogen on side |(Beta)

If its down its trans due to the hydrogen opssote ch3 (Alpha )

Question 11

What happens at Carbon 17 ?

Answer 11

Different alkyl groups generate different steroids for examples cholesterol they have 8 sterocterts meaning 256 steeriomrers are possible they are found in animals.

Question 12

What can too much cholesterol called ?

Answer 12

Leads to clot in arteries .
Functional hormones as chemical messages
.They don’t have fatty acids but have rings structures .They have hydrophobic away from but have four rings structure making them a lipid

Question 13

What is the main type of Steroid ?

Answer 13

Cholesterol in which are found in your cell membrane and make steroid hormones Its also a lipid it doesn’t lie water so it hydrophobic and is carried out by lipoproteins (Soluble proteins combine with and transport lipids or fats in blood plasma )

Question 14

LDL-BAD (Low density lipoproteins )

Answer 14

Bad/contain more fat
Transport cholesterol , triclyclerid and phospholipids from the liver to the tissue .

High levels of LDLis considered bad this is why LDL is considered bad cholesterol
100 mg/dl is bad

Question 15

HDL-Good

Answer 15

Contain high amount of proteins
They prevent the build up of cholesterol .Transporting cholesterol and phospholipids back to the liver

High levels of HDL is good
40mG/dl is good

Question 16

What are chylomcirons ?

Answer 16

They transport primarily Tricylerides from the digestive tract.

Question 17

What are the differences between Saturated and unsaturated bonds?

Answer 17

Saturated :
They all single bonds
Straight chains
Full of hydrogen
Packed well

Unsaturated :
Not full of hydrogen 
Liquid at room temperature 
One double bond at least
Kinked on bent
Oil example 
Not packed well

Question 18

What are Phospholipids ?

Answer 18

A liquid containing a phosphate group found in the cell membrane

They are amphipathic because the phosphate groups is hydrophilic .Whereas, the fatty acids bit is hydrophobic

Question 19

Structure of Phospholipids ?

Answer 19

They consist of two fatty acid substance attached to a glycerol

And a phosphate groups which hydrophilic .

The heads of the phosphate group are on the outside and are hydrophilic in aqueous solution , whereas, the hydrophobic is in the inside bit

Question 20

What are they used for ?

Answer 20

Used commercially as emulsying agents .An emulysing agents stabilizes an emulsion .

Mayonnaise which an example

Lecithin another name for phosophiolipids used as an emuslting agent .

Question 21

What are sphingolipids ?

Answer 21

The core of a sphingolipid is an amino alcohol called sphingosine.

Complex sphingolipids located in the plasma membrane of animal cells (especially nerve cells)

function and are believed to protect the cell surface from harmful environmental factors.

Question 22

Structure of Sphingolipids ?

Answer 22

Found in the myelin membrane and have a function in protecting the cell surface .

One fatty acids , phosphate group and sphingolipids .

Question 23

Cholesterol

Answer 23

Its a steroid which means its composed of foru rings one being five side and the rest being six sided .

Question 24

Waxes

Answer 24

Found normally in some aquatic birds/leaft structures surfaces .

Has a hydrophobic property prevsting water from sticking to or soaking into surface .

Question 25

Structure of Waxes

Answer 25

Contain a long fatty acid connected to alcohol /ester linkage although the waxes are produced by plants.

They are made by combining a fatty acid with long chain alcohols

Carboxylic acids react with alcohol to form esters.

The word resudide is used to replace which molecule including carboxylic and alcohol part .

Question 26

Examples of Waxes

Answer 26

Beeswak

Hydrophobic are used by plants to protective water proof coating.

Question 27

Reactions involving water

Answer 27

Hydrolysis can be catalysed using a base OH-

The base catalysed hydrolysis ethanol is called saponification

Carboxylic acid in base catalysed hydroxylisis the base undergoes a second acid /base reaction with carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion

Question 28

What happens if a drop of Phospholipids are placed

Answer 28

It forms a MICHELLE

In which the hydrophilic phosphate heads face the outside /fatty acid face the interior of this structure .

Question 29

Cis /Trans

Answer 29

Cis-Same side -unsaturated

Trans- Opposite sides in configuration keeps the chain easily packed /straights/ Unsaturated

Question 30

Phospholipids/Sphingolipids

Answer 30

They are both type of amphiatatic which means they have a non-polar component and polar component.

Question 31

What is glycerol ?

Answer 31

Its three part carbon alcohol molecule containing oxygen

Question 32

Partial Hydrogenation

Answer 32

Gives CIS some desirable properties of saturated fats such as solid at room temperature

Trans -Unsaturated fatty acid can pack more tightly to be solid at room temperature .