Nuclear Fusion Flashcards
Since the Euratom Treaty, which established a European atomic energy community in yyyy, European … research is better coordinated to make sure that the technology moves forward, as quickly as possible.
Since the Euratom Treaty, which established a European atomic energy community in 1957, European fusion research is better coordinated to make sure that the technology moves forward, as quickly as possible.
European fusion laboratories collaborate through a consortium called …, in line with the long-term strategy set out in the European research roadmap to the realisation of fusion energy
European fusion laboratories collaborate through a consortium called EUROfusion, in line with the long-term strategy set out in the European research roadmap to the realisation of fusion energy
ITER is of key importance in the roadmap, particularly as it aims to prove the scientific and technological … of fusion as a future energy source. Although ITER itself will not produce electricity, … - the device that may follow - should already model a real future fusion power plant and produce electricity. This in turn will pave the way for future commercialisation and use of fusion power, possibly when?.
ITER is of key importance in the roadmap, particularly as it aims to prove the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion as a future energy source. Although ITER itself will not produce electricity, DEMO - the device that may follow - should already model a real future fusion power plant and produce electricity. This in turn will pave the way for future commercialisation and use of fusion power, possibly in the second half of the century.
The project stems from the ITER agreement, which was signed by …, Euratom (represented by the European Commission), …, …, …, … and … in …. Together, they govern the ITER Organization, which is responsible for constructing and managing the project.
Members have a domestic agency that manages their contributions to the project. The EU’s domestic agency is ….
The project stems from the ITER agreement, which was signed by China, Euratom (represented by the European Commission), India, Japan, South Korea, Russia and the USA in 2006. Together, they govern the ITER Organization, which is responsible for constructing and managing the project.
Members have a domestic agency that manages their contributions to the project. The EU’s domestic agency is Fusion for Energy (F4E).
The European Union contributes …% to the ITER project. For the period 2021 to 2027, the EU decided to allocate €… billion to the project, following a Council decision in February 2021.
In December 2020, the United Kingdom and the EU concluded a trade and cooperation agreement and a protocol, by which the United Kingdom could participate in ITER activities through …, subject to the successful conclusion of the procedures to associate the United Kingdom to the European Union programmes.
The European Union contributes 45% to the ITER project. For the period 2021 to 2027, the EU decided to allocate €5.61 billion to the project, following a Council decision in February 2021.
In December 2020, the United Kingdom and the EU concluded a trade and cooperation agreement and a protocol, by which the United Kingdom could participate in ITER activities through its membership to F4E, subject to the successful conclusion of the procedures to associate the United Kingdom to the European Union programmes.
The projects, all located in …, aim to complement ITER and accelerate the development of fusion power. The work includes the construction of an advanced fusion device, research into … for use in future devices, and the setting-up of a remote operation room for ITER.
The cooperation was established by the signature of the … Agreement in … and a new, second phase of activities is being launched in 2020.
The projects, all located in Japan, aim to complement ITER and accelerate the development of fusion power. The work includes the construction of an advanced fusion device, research into durable materials for use in future devices, and the setting-up of a remote operation room for ITER.
The cooperation was established by the signature of the Broader Approach Agreement in 2007 and a new, second phase of activities is being launched in 2020.
A study on the benefits of broader approach activities under the current agreement and the expected benefits of continued participation was published in May 2021. Major achievements include the design and construction of JT-60SA, the world’s largest ….
On yyyy, JT-60SA began operation, achieving a … plasma for the first time.
A study on the benefits of broader approach activities under the current agreement and the expected benefits of continued participation was published in May 2021. Major achievements include the design and construction of JT-60SA, the world’s largest tokamak.
On 23 October 2023, JT-60SA began operation, achieving a tokamak plasma for the first time.
The EU’s domestic agency, Fusion for Energy, established in 2007 and based in …, …, is responsible for delivering Euratom’s … and the Broader Approach, and … businesses and research organisations in the EU to achieve this.
The EU’s domestic agency, Fusion for Energy, established in 2007 and based in Barcelona, Spain, is responsible for delivering Euratom’s contribution to the ITER project and the Broader Approach, and contracts businesses and research organisations in the EU to achieve this.
By participating in ITER, the EU makes substantial investment in European industry. More than €x billion has already been invested in this way, which has had a strong and positive impact on the European economy in terms of producing economic growth and boosting employment. A study on the impact of ITER, and other fusion projects within the Broader Approach, on the EU economy further showed that ITER generated a net impact worth €x million in 2008-2019.
By participating in ITER, the EU makes substantial investment in European industry. More than €4 billion has already been invested in this way, which has had a strong and positive impact on the European economy in terms of producing economic growth and boosting employment. A study on the impact of ITER, and other fusion projects within the Broader Approach, on the EU economy further showed that ITER generated a net impact worth €104 million in 2008-2019.
On earth, fusion can be reproduced in devices called “tokamaks”. There are several tokamaks currently operating or under construction all over the world, including the …in the United Kingdom, and the JT-60SA tokamak located in ….
On earth, fusion can be reproduced in devices called “tokamaks”. There are several tokamaks currently operating or under construction all over the world, including the Joint European Torus (JET) in the United Kingdom, and the JT-60SA tokamak located in Japan.
ITER will be the largest tokamak in the world; approximately x meters high and x meters wide, weighing 23,000/2,300/230 tonnes. As an experimental device, it is not designed to produce electricity. It will, however, pave the way towards a demonstration fusion power plant in the second half of this century, which will produce electricity and serve as a precursor to commercial fusion power production.
ITER will be the largest tokamak in the world; approximately 30 meters high and 30 meters wide, weighing 23,000 tonnes. As an experimental device, it is not designed to produce electricity. It will, however, pave the way towards a demonstration fusion power plant in the second half of this century, which will produce electricity and serve as a precursor to commercial fusion power production.
a famous experiment from yyyy opened the way to present-day fusion research,
a famous experiment from 1934 opened the way to present-day fusion research,
European laboratories collaborate on fusion research
through a pan-European consortium called EUROfusion, with x members in x countries. It is funded partly by the EU through the Euratom research and training programme, and partly by its members
European laboratories collaborate on fusion research
through a pan-European consortium called EUROfusion, with 30 members in 28 countries. It is funded partly by the EU through the Euratom research and training programme, and partly by its members
The birth of ITER is also hard to identify, but the summit betweenUS President Ronald Reagan and the Soviet Union’s General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev in Geneva yyyy was an important milestone. At that meeting, … proposed to set up an international cooperation to develop fusion energy for peaceful purposes, which would later develop into ITER.
The birth of ITER is also hard to identify, but the summit betweenUS President Ronald Reagan and the Soviet Union’s General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev in Geneva 1985 was an important milestone. At that meeting, Gorbachev proposed to set up an international cooperation to develop fusion energy for peaceful purposes, which would later develop into ITER.
DEMO will aim to model a real fusion plant and produce electricity from the fusion energy generated. The preliminary work for DEMO is …, informed by the construction experience of
ITER. DEMO is expected to lead to commercial fusion power plants to produce energy.
DEMO will aim to model a real fusion plant and produce electricity from the fusion energy generated. The preliminary work for DEMO is already taking place, informed by the construction experience of
ITER. DEMO is expected to lead to commercial fusion power plants to produce energy.
