Nuclear energy in the mix Flashcards
Nuclear energy is a low-carbon alternative to fossil fuels and accounts for almost x% of the electricity produced in the EU. However, in the aftermath of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and the 2011 catastrophe in Fukushima, nuclear energy has become highly controversial. While Member States choose whether to include nuclear power in their energy mix, EU legislation aims at improving the … of nuclear power stations and ensuring that nuclear waste is ….
Nuclear energy is a low-carbon alternative to fossil fuels and accounts for almost 26% of the electricity produced in the EU. However, in the aftermath of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and the 2011 catastrophe in Fukushima, nuclear energy has become highly controversial. While Member States choose whether to include nuclear power in their energy mix, EU legislation aims at improving the safety standards of nuclear power stations and ensuring that nuclear waste is safely handled and disposed of.
Which country prohibited in 2021 the mining of Uranium?
Greenland
Which are countries are the top 4 in Uranium reserves?
Australia, Canada, Kazakhstan and Russia.
Which are top 4 Uranium producers in 2021?
Kazakhstan, Namibia, Canada and Australia.
According to the “…,” a biennial report published by the OECD … and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the world’s identified uranium resources increase when prices are higher, as more costly deposits become economically viable.
As of the latest available data, the world’s identified uranium resources are estimated to be sufficient for over x years of supply based on current demand.
According to the “Red Book,” a biennial report published by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the world’s identified uranium resources increase when prices are higher, as more costly deposits become economically viable.
As of the latest available data, the world’s identified uranium resources are estimated to be sufficient for over 100 years of supply based on current demand.
The EPR™ reactor is a new Generation … Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR) designed and manufactured by … with a power generation capacity of up to … MWe, which places it among the most powerful reactors in the world. A direct descendant of the last models manufactured by … in France (N4) and … in Germany (Konvoi), the EPR™ pressurized water reactor is based on tried-and-tested technologies and principles. This reactor design was previously called European Pressurized Reactor or Evolutionary Power Reactor, but now it is simply named EPR, a trademark by ….
The EPR™ reactor is a new Generation III+ Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR) designed and manufactured by AREVA with a power generation capacity of up to 1660 MWe, which places it among the most powerful reactors in the world. A direct descendant of the last models manufactured by AREVA in France (N4) and Siemens in Germany (Konvoi), the EPR™ pressurized water reactor is based on tried-and-tested technologies and principles. This reactor design was previously called European Pressurized Reactor or Evolutionary Power Reactor, but now it is simply named EPR, a trademark by AREVA.
From a safety point of view, the EPR™ reactor ensures a very high level thanks to diversified, redundant … and … safety systems to drastically reduce of the probability of severe accidents compared to existing Generation II reactors as well as to ensure that there will be no impact on the surrounding area, whatever the situation. In particular, it is highly resistant to external incidents (…, etc.) and features multiple protected power sources and water reserves.
From a safety point of view, the EPR™ reactor ensures a very high level thanks to diversified, redundant active and passive safety systems to drastically reduce of the probability of severe accidents compared to existing Generation II reactors as well as to ensure that there will be no impact on the surrounding area, whatever the situation. In particular, it is highly resistant to external incidents (large commercial airplane crash, etc.) and features multiple protected power sources and water reserves.
Through … the EPR™ reactor achieves a significant reduction in … and production of ….
As of August 2020, five units are under construction – in Finland (…), in France (…), in … (Taishan-1 and -2) and in the United Kingdom (…).
Through improved thermal efficiency the EPR™ reactor achieves a significant reduction in uranium consumption and production of long-lived radioactive waste.
As of August 2020, five units are under construction – in Finland (Olkiluoto), in France (Flamanville), in China (Taishan-1 and -2) and in the United Kingdom (Hinkley Point C).
On …, a new Regulation on an emergency intervention to address high energy prices (EU 2022/1854) to reduce the energy bills for European citizens and businesses was adopted, based on a Commission proposal from 14 September x. It includes measures to reduce electricity demand to help lower the electricity costs for consumers and suggests a temporary revenue cap on electricity producers using technologies with lower costs, such as …. The Commission proposes to set the cap for those “inframarginal” producers to €x/MWh.
On 6 October 2022, a new Regulation on an emergency intervention to address high energy prices (EU 2022/1854) to reduce the energy bills for European citizens and businesses was adopted, based on a Commission proposal from 14 September 2022. It includes measures to reduce electricity demand to help lower the electricity costs for consumers and suggests a temporary revenue cap on electricity producers using technologies with lower costs, such as renewables, nuclear and lignite. The Commission proposes to set the cap for those “inframarginal” producers to €180/MWh.
Nuclear energy has avoided the emission of over … gigatonnes of carbon dioxide since ….
Nuclear energy has avoided the emission of over 63 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide since 1971.
The International Energy Agency projects that nuclear energy capacity needs to increase by x% by 2050 to achieve net zero carbon emission goals
The International Energy Agency projects that nuclear energy capacity needs to increase by 100% by 2050 to achieve net zero carbon emission goals
Nearly x parties have recognized the potential for mitigation through nuclear energy in their nationally determined contributions and long-term strategies.
Nearly 30 parties have recognized the potential for mitigation through nuclear energy in their nationally determined contributions and long-term strategies.
Nuclear energy has a median life cycle emission of x g of carbon dioxide per kilowatt hour, lower than solar and wind.
Nuclear energy has a median life cycle emission of 5.1 g of carbon dioxide per kilowatt hour, lower than solar and wind.
The global market for nuclear products, services, and fuel is estimated to be worth $x-$x billion over the next 10 years, stimulating economic development and job creation.
The global market for nuclear products, services, and fuel is estimated to be worth $500-$740 billion over the next 10 years, stimulating economic development and job creation.
Nuclear is the most landefficient energy source, requiring up to x times less land per MWh than
solar and x times less than onshore wind farms
Nuclear is the most landefficient energy source, requiring up to 27 times less land per MWh than
solar and 330 times less than onshore wind farms
Average age of EU nuclear plants fleet is
31 to 40 years. A vast majority of them have been operating more than 31 years as of 2021.
