Medical and other uses of radiation Flashcards
Average age of medical reactors is
40 years
Radiological and nuclear technologies provide a wide range of benefits to EU citizens beyond the production of nuclear energy. In particular, they are indispensable in the fight against…
Cancer
Name of EU’s comprehensive plan to support the safe, high quality and reliable use of radiological and nuclear technology in healthcare…
The SAMIRA action plan
Radiological and nuclear technologies contribute significantly to all stages of patient care, including early disease …, …, … and ….
Radiological and nuclear technologies contribute significantly to all stages of patient care, including early disease detection, diagnosis, treatment and palliative care.
What is the most widespread medical application of radiation?
Radiological imaging procedures, such as mammography and computer tomography, use x-rays for diagnostics as well as planning and guiding treatments. With about 500 million of these procedures carried out annually in the EU, it is by far the most widespread medical application of radiation.
Nuclear medicine uses …, mostly to … cancer, as well as cardiac and other diseases. In the EU, about x million of these procedures are delivered to patients each year. It is therefore an important tool in cancer management, contributing to early diagnosis and prognostic assessment, and increasingly for therapy.
Nuclear medicine uses radioactive substances, mostly to diagnose cancer, as well as cardiac and other diseases. In the EU, about 10 million of these procedures are delivered to patients each year. It is therefore an important tool in cancer management, contributing to early diagnosis and prognostic assessment, and increasingly for therapy.
Radiotherapy uses …, mostly for cancer therapy. With x million procedures carried out in Europe annually, it is a crucial part of modern cancer care and among the most effective, efficient and widely used treatments available to patients and physicians.
Radiotherapy uses high-energy x-rays, charged particles or radioactive sources, mostly for cancer therapy. With 1.5 million procedures carried out in Europe annually, it is a crucial part of modern cancer care and among the most effective, efficient and widely used treatments available to patients and physicians.
Medicine is now responsible for up to x% of the total radiation exposure of EU citizens and more than x% of the human-made radiation exposure.
Medicine is now responsible for up to 50% of the total radiation exposure of EU citizens and more than 90% of the human-made radiation exposure.
The EU has established an ambitious legal framework for protecting patients, … in medical research and …. It aims to ensure that medical radiation procedures are used … and with …. It also includes strict requirements for staff, procedures and equipment and introduces a number of quality and safety tools, with a particular focus on … and/or … exposure.
The EU has established an ambitious legal framework for protecting patients, volunteers in medical research and medical staff. It aims to ensure that medical radiation procedures are used only when appropriate and with the minimum clinically needed radiation dose. It also includes strict requirements for staff, procedures and equipment and introduces a number of quality and safety tools, with a particular focus on high radiation doses and/or childhood exposure.
Relevant aspects are also included under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, for example in Regulation (EU) 2017/745 on … or in Directive 2001/83/EC and in Regulation (EC) 726/20044, both on ….
Relevant aspects are also included under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, for example in Regulation (EU) 2017/745 on medical devices or in Directive 2001/83/EC and in Regulation (EC) 726/20044, both on medicinal products.
In February 2021, the Commission adopted the SAMIRA action plan, which is the first follow-up to …
In February 2021, the Commission adopted the SAMIRA action plan, which is the first follow-up to Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan
Name 5 applications: all these applications use doped silicon in their electronic circuits. Silicon is naturally present in the soil, but pure silicon is an insulator that cannot pass any electrical current because of the absence of free electrons.
Silicon becomes an ideal semiconductor in electronics thanks to the addition of impurities. This process, called “…”, creates free electrons. The doping of silicon crystals is done in … such as BR2, operated by SCK * CEN (Centre for the Study of nuclear energy) in Mol.
Computers, wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, high-speed trains, hybrid cars: all these applications use doped silicon in their electronic circuits. Silicon is naturally present in the soil, but pure silicon is an insulator that cannot pass any electrical current because of the absence of free electrons.
Silicon becomes an ideal semiconductor in electronics thanks to the addition of impurities. This process, called “doping”, creates free electrons. The doping of silicon crystals is done in research reactors such as BR2, operated by SCK * CEN (Centre for the Study of nuclear energy) in Mol.
In order to increase their lifespan or speed up the loading process, further research is carried out on batteries using … investigation methods. … based on … beams are rapidly developing and have become versatile non-destructive analyzing tools in many research fields. Due to their intrinsic properties, … differ strongly from …, … or X-rays in terms of their interaction with matter: they penetrate deeply into most common metallic materials while they have a high sensitivity to light elements such as hydrogen, hydrogenous substances, or lithium. This makes … perfectly suited probes for research on materials that are used for … and conversion, e.g., batteries, hydrogen storage, fuel cells, etc. 3
In order to increase their lifespan or speed up the loading process, further research is carried out on batteries using neutron-based investigation methods. Imaging techniques based on neutron beams are rapidly developing and have become versatile non-destructive analyzing tools in many research fields. Due to their intrinsic properties, neutrons differ strongly from electrons, protons or X-rays in terms of their interaction with matter: they penetrate deeply into most common metallic materials while they have a high sensitivity to light elements such as hydrogen, hydrogenous substances, or lithium. This makes neutrons perfectly suited probes for research on materials that are used for energy storage and conversion, e.g., batteries, hydrogen storage, fuel cells, etc. 3
… can help us to understand many fundamental questions related to hydrogen fuel. For example, where does the hydrogen … at the various stages of storage? Which materials … the most? What … and … conditions are optimum for their operation, and what are the limits?
Neutron imaging can help us to understand many fundamental questions related to hydrogen fuel. For example, where does the hydrogen migrate at the various stages of storage? Which materials store the most? What temperature and pressure conditions are optimum for their operation, and what are the limits?
Some industrial applications include:
- Developing cleaner paint solvents
- Research in art and history
- Nucleonic gauges to measure thickness, moisture, pressure, temperature, density.
- Non-destructive tests based on radiography and gamma ray.s
