Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

drives the nucleus apart

Answer 1

Electrostatic Repulsion

Question 2

Pulls particles apart

Answer 2

Nuclear Force/ Binding energy

Question 3

Is binding energy or electrostatic repulsion stronger?

Answer 3

Binding Energy

Question 4

Have a positive charge

Answer 4

Protons

Question 5

Have no charge

Answer 5

Neutrons

Question 6

Protons and neutrons are known as _________

Answer 6

nucleons

Question 7

Top number, number of nucleons

Answer 7

Mass #

Question 8

Number of protons, bottom number

Answer 8

Atomic #

Question 9

In which an unstable nucleus undergoes a change and a reduction in energy to become more stable

Answer 9

Nuclear Decay

Question 10

In alpha decay, what alpha particle is emitted?

Answer 10

H-4

Question 11

In which a high speed electron is ejected from a neutron, this turns the neutron into a proton

Answer 11

Beta Decay

Question 12

In which a high speed positron is ejected from a proton, this turns the proton into a neutron

Answer 12

Positron emission/beta postive decay

Question 13

In which a proton absorbs an electron, this turns the proton into a neutron

Answer 13

Electron capture

Question 14

What turns into what in Beta decay?

Answer 14

neutron turns into a proton

Question 15

What turns into what in positron emission?

Answer 15

proton turns into a neutron

Question 16

What turns into what in Electron capture?

Answer 16

proton turns into a neutron

Question 17

Has the mass of an electron with a positive charge

Answer 17

positron

Question 18

the nucleus is _______ immediately after any type of decay

Answer 18

unstable

Question 19

As the number of protons increase, repulsive forces ____________

Answer 19

Increase

Question 20

What needs to happen to the ration of neutrons to protons in order to counteract the repulsive forces?

Answer 20

the ratio needs to increase

Question 21

What ration of neutrons to protons do light particles need to maintain fairly stable?

Answer 21

1:1

Question 22

Zone of stability requires more ________ the larger number of protons

Answer 22

neutrons

Question 23

occurs in isotopes with too many neutrons (above zone of stability)

Answer 23

beta decay

Question 24

occurs in isotopes with too many protons (below zone of stability)

Answer 24

positron emission and electron capture

Question 25

occurs most often in elements with more than 83 protons

Answer 25

Alpha Decay

Question 26

What are the magic numbers?

Answer 26

2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126

Question 27

nuclei that have a magic number of protons and neutrons ____________

Answer 27

will never decay

Question 28

the time it takes for the half life of a radioactive sample of an isotope to decay

Answer 28

Nuclear Half Life

Question 29

Does temperature changes affect the rate of nuclear decay?

Answer 29

no

Question 30

Nuclear decay rates are always __________

Answer 30

first order

Question 31

When a proton and a neutron bind together, their masses ___________

Answer 31

decrease

Question 32

The mass that is lost when a proton and neutron bind together is converted into _________

Answer 32

energy

Question 33

• The energy required to split a nucleus into its individual nucleons
• the energy released when individual protons and neutrons are bond together to form a nucleus

Answer 33

binding energy

Question 34

In which two nuclei are fused to form a nucleus with an atomic mass that is less than or equal to 56 amu

Answer 34

Nuclear fusion

Question 35

What happens in nuclear fusion and fission?

Answer 35

• the mass of each nuclei decreases
• the lost mass is converted to energy
• the binding energy per nucleon increases

Question 36

In which a massive nucleus is split to produce two nuclei with atomic masses that are greater than or equal to 56 amu

Answer 36

Nuclear fission

Question 37

As binding energy increases, mass ____________

Answer 37

Decreases

Question 38

Does nuclear fission or fusion release more energy?

Answer 38

Fusion