Equilibrium Flashcards
At equilibrium, __________ no longer change
Concentrations
The rate of the forward reaction __________ the rate of the reverse reaction
Equals
Chemical equilibrium takes place in a _________ system
Closed
If K > 1, which side does the reaction lie?
Right
If K
Left
_______ and ________ are left out of the equilibrium expression
Solids, liquids
When writing an equilibrium expression, include _______ and _____________
Gases, aqueous species
Pressure exerted by a specific gas in a system
Partial pressure
The partial pressure of all of the gasses in a system sum up to the _____________ in that system
Total pressure
What does delta n represent?
(Moles of gaseous products)-(moles of gaseous reactants)
If K > 10
- mostly products
- equilibrium lies far to the right
If K
- mostly reactants
- equilibrium lies far to the left
If K=1
- equal amounts of each
- equilibrium lies in the middle
What is the equation for molarity?
Molarity= (number of moles of solute)/(L of solution)
When reactions do not go to completion, all the ___________ do not get used up
Reactants
The ____________ is used to determine whether a reaction is at equilibrium
Reaction Quotient (Q)
If Q>K
The reaction will proceed to the left
If Q
The reaction will proceed to the right
If Q=K
The system is at equilibrium
According to Le Chateliers principal, the only three stresses are changes in…
- pressure
- concentrations
- temperature
If the pressure on a system at equilibrium is increased, q changes and the equilibrium will shift towards the side with ________ moles of gas to reduce the stress
Fewer
If the pressure on a system at equilibrium is decreased, Q changes and the equilibrium will shift towards the side with _______ moles of gas to reduce that stress
More
Stress from increasing/decreasing pressure changes the equilibrium concentrations, but it _________ change the equilibrium constant
Does not
If the concentration of one of the species in an equilibrium system is increased, Q changes and the equilibrium will shift in the direction that will _______________ of that species
Reduce the concentration
If the concentrations of one of the species in an equilibrium system is decreased, Q changes and the equilibrium will shift in the direction that will __________________ of that species
Increase the concentration
Stress from decreasing/increasing concentrations changes the equilibrium concentrations, but it ___________ change the equilibrium constant
Does not
If solvent is added to a system at equilibrium, Q changes and the equilibrium will shift towards the side with _____________ to reduce the stress
More particles
Stress from dilution changes the equilibrium concentrations but it ________ change the equilibrium constant
Does not
Cooling (taking away heat) shifts the equilibrium in the direction that ______________
Produces heat
Adding heat (increasing the temperature) shifts the equilibrium in the direction that __________
Absorbs heat
Stress from _____________ is the only stress that changes the equilibrium constant
Changing temperature
According to the reciprocal rule, when a reaction is reversed, the new equilibrium constant (K) or reaction quotient (Q) value is the _____________
Inverse of the old
When two or more reactions are combined the new K or Q value is the __________ product of the K or Q values from the individual reactions
Products
Delta G must be ________ zero for a reaction to proceed in a given direction
Less than
A system is at equilibrium when delta g is at
0
When G
Products
When G
>
When G
Exergonic
When G>0 the process is considered ________
Endergonic
When G>0 the process favors ________ at equilibrium
Reactants
If G>0, K__1
In exothermic reactions, cooling shifts the equilibrium to the ________
Right
In exothermic reactions, increasing the temperature shifts the equilibrium to the ________
Left
In endothermic reactions cooling shifts the reaction to the _______
Left
In endothermic reactions adding heat shifts the reaction to the _______
Right
