NRO meds

Question 1

i) Ester-type
ii) Short acting - commonly given with vasoconstrictor
iii) Rapid metabolism in plasma
iv) Not useful as a topical anesthetic

Answer 1

a) Procaine

Question 2

i) Amide-type
ii) One of the most widely used local anesthetics
iii) Metabolized in liver
iv) Overdose may produce death due to ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest
v) Used for all types of local anesthesia
vi) Also used as antiarrhythmic agent

Answer 2

b) Lidocaine

Question 3

i) Amide-type
ii) Action similar to lidocaine
iii) Not effective topically
iv) Somewhat longer acting than lidocaine

Answer 3

c) Mepivacaine

Question 4

i) Amide-type
ii) Long-acting and potent local anesthetic
iii) Most commonly used for
(1) Regional and epidural blocks
iv) Prolonged surgery

Answer 4

d) Bupivacaine

Question 5

i) Amide-type
ii) Long-acting local anesthetic
iii) Less cardiovascular and CNS toxicity that bupivacaine

Answer 5

e) Ropivacaine

Question 6

i) Ester-type

ii) Used primarily for topical anesthesia of the eye, nose and throat and for spinal anesthesia

Answer 6

f) Tetracaine

Question 7

i) Ester-type
ii) Good penetration of tissues and vasoconstrictor action
iii) Primarily used for upper respiratory tract, mucosal membranes
iv) Abuse potential, controlled substance, inconvenient

Answer 7

g) Cocaine