Autonomic Eye Meds Flashcards
b) Inhibitors of parasympathetic nervous system
Atropine
a drug used in eye drops to dilate pupil
(3) also reverses ptosis in Horner’s Syndrome
PHENYLEPHRINE
solution to treat glaucoma.
increases aqueous humor outflow & inhibits formation
Epinephrine
will dilate eye if sympathetics are releasing norepinephrine
(a) The absence of a pupillary dilation indicates Horner’s Syndrome
cocaine
will dilate eye if postganglionic nerve is present and contains norepinephrine
(a) The absence of a response to cocaine or amphetamine means postganglionic Horner’s Syndrome
amphetamine
activates nicotinic receptor (also activates parasympathetics to produce miosis, which is the more common reaction)
NICOTINE
blocks axoplasmic pump to increase norepinephrine concentrations in vicinity of adrenergic receptors
Cocaine
reverses axoplasmic pump
(1) used to diagnose post-ganglionic nerve damage vs. a defect prior to the postganglionic nerve (no reaction means postganglionic nerve defect)
(2) response to amphetamine indicates normal post-ganglionic nerve
Amphetamine
Miotics
Nicotine, Pilocarpine, acetylcholine
Agents preventing acetylcholine degradation -cause miosis
enhances aqueous humor drainage through trabecular meshwork & canal of Schlemm
Physostigmine, Ecothiophate
Treatment of Glaucoma:
ß Blockers decrease aqueous humor formation
Timolol
enhances aqueous humor drainage through trabecular meshwork & canal of Schlemm
Pilocarpine
prostaglandin derivative, It increases uveo-scleral outflow of aqueous humor (flow through the ciliary muscle)
Latanoprost
i) Can treat problems caused by muscle spasms with
(1) inhibits acetylcholine release from somatic nerves
botulinum toxin (Botox)
