Neuroendocrine/ Pituitary Flashcards
Integrates information for control of the endocrine system, the autonomic nervous system and neural systems concerned with motivation
hypothalamus
Posterior pituitary secretes into systemic circulation
vasopressin and oxytocin
Vasopressin and Oxytocin are synthesized where?
Transported via axons to nerve terminals in posterior pituitary, stored in vesicles until released by neural activity
magnocellular neurons in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
________________neurons secreted pep-tides directly into systemic circulation
Magnocellular hypothalamic neurons
Vasopressin stimulus:
Triggers release of vasopressin
increased blood osmolality
hypovolemia
hypotension
Vasopressin response:
effects of increased vasopressin
Increased water absorption (VP is an anti-diuretic)
increased vasoconstriction
Oxytocin stimulus:
triggers release of oxytocin
suckling
uterine stimulation
Oxytocin response:
effects of oxytocin
milk ejection reflex (smooth muscle contraction in the breast) uterine contraction (smooth muscle contraction --> delivery of newborn)
Anterior pituitary secretes…
Somatomammotropins:
growth hormone (GH)
prolactin
Glycoproteins:
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Leutnizing hormone (LH)
Opiomelanocortin:
adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
Beta-endorphin
(Som gro pro, Gly TFL, Opi ads beta)
Anterior pituitary secretes these families
somatomammotropins
Glycoproteins:
Opiomelanocortin:
GH Stimulus:
exercise, stress, sleep (80% of growth during slow wave sleep)
GH effects:
growth of tissue
increased metabolism
Prolactin stimulus:
suckling
sttress
Prolactin effects:
development of mammary tissue
lactation (milk production)
TSH stimuli:
exposure to cold temp
TSH effects
Increase thyroid hormone –> increases cellular metabolism
Gonadotropins
FSH and LH
FSH and LH are regulated by
hypothalamic peptide
FSH effects
Men: spermatogenesis
Women: development of ovarian follicle
LH effects
Men: required for spermatogenesis, stimulates testosterone
Women: initiates ovulation/”trigger”, stimulates progesterone
ACTH stimuli
Stress
ACTH effects:
secretion of adrenal cortex - cortisol
Beta-endorphin stimuli:
Stress
Beta-endorphin effects:
opiate-like–> analgesia
What test could be used clinically to assess anterior pituitary function
stress - insulin induced hypoglycemia
Insluin induced hypoglycemia produces…
increased prolactin, ACTH, GH, Cortisol, Beta-endorphin
hypothalmic releasing hormones are synthesized in …
parvocellular neurons
hypothalmic releasing hormones are transported via axons to the….
median eminence
hypothalmic releasing hormones are released from nerve terminal into the …
hypophyseal portal vein
Excitatory hypothalamic releasing hormones
thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
Inhibitory hypothalamic releasing hormones
somatostatin (decreases GH)
dopamine (decreases prolactin)
hypothalamic releasing hormones are secreted into the …
Primary pelxus
hypothalamic releasing hormones are carried to the pituitary cells via the …
portal vein
hypothalamic releasing hormones are delivered to the pituitary cells at the …
secondary plexus
what hormonal changes occur after pituitary stalk section?
prolactin increases
all others decrease
diabetes insipidus results from a loss of
vasopressin secretion
diabetes insipidus etiology
head trauma –> sever pit. stalk
autoimmune
idiopathic
diabetes insipidus symptoms
polyurea –> excessive urination
Polydypsia –> excessive thirst
diabetes insipidus treatment
desamino VP –>retains H2O in kidney without raising BP
Galactorrhea-amenorrhea
hyperprolactinemia with cessation of menstration
galactorrhea-amenorrhea etiology
microadenoma that results in high levels of blood prolactin
the decrease in FSH and LH lead to cessation of menstruation
Galactorrhea-amenorrhea treatment
surgery
pharmacology –> Dopamine receptor agonist
