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NRO > Neuroendocrine/ Pituitary > Flashcards

Neuroendocrine/ Pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

Integrates information for control of the endocrine system, the autonomic nervous system and neural systems concerned with motivation

A

hypothalamus

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2
Q

Posterior pituitary secretes into systemic circulation

A

vasopressin and oxytocin

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3
Q

Vasopressin and Oxytocin are synthesized where?

Transported via axons to nerve terminals in posterior pituitary, stored in vesicles until released by neural activity

A

magnocellular neurons in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

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4
Q

________________neurons secreted pep-tides directly into systemic circulation

A

Magnocellular hypothalamic neurons

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5
Q

Vasopressin stimulus:

Triggers release of vasopressin

A

increased blood osmolality
hypovolemia
hypotension

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6
Q

Vasopressin response:

effects of increased vasopressin

A

Increased water absorption (VP is an anti-diuretic)

increased vasoconstriction

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7
Q

Oxytocin stimulus:

triggers release of oxytocin

A

suckling

uterine stimulation

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8
Q

Oxytocin response:

effects of oxytocin

A 
milk ejection reflex (smooth muscle contraction in the breast) 
uterine contraction (smooth muscle contraction --> delivery of newborn)
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9
Q

Anterior pituitary secretes…

A

Somatomammotropins:
growth hormone (GH)
prolactin
Glycoproteins:
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Leutnizing hormone (LH)
Opiomelanocortin:
adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
Beta-endorphin

(Som gro pro, Gly TFL, Opi ads beta)

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10
Q

Anterior pituitary secretes these families

A

somatomammotropins
Glycoproteins:
Opiomelanocortin:

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11
Q

GH Stimulus:

A

exercise, stress, sleep (80% of growth during slow wave sleep)

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12
Q

GH effects:

A

growth of tissue

increased metabolism

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13
Q

Prolactin stimulus:

A

suckling

sttress

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14
Q

Prolactin effects:

A

development of mammary tissue

lactation (milk production)

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15
Q

TSH stimuli:

A

exposure to cold temp

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16
Q

TSH effects

A

Increase thyroid hormone –> increases cellular metabolism

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17
Q

Gonadotropins

A

FSH and LH

18
Q

FSH and LH are regulated by

A

hypothalamic peptide

19
Q

FSH effects

A

Men: spermatogenesis
Women: development of ovarian follicle

20
Q

LH effects

A

Men: required for spermatogenesis, stimulates testosterone
Women: initiates ovulation/”trigger”, stimulates progesterone

21
Q

ACTH stimuli

A

Stress

22
Q

ACTH effects:

A

secretion of adrenal cortex - cortisol

23
Q

Beta-endorphin stimuli:

A

Stress

24
Q

Beta-endorphin effects:

A

opiate-like–> analgesia

25
Q

What test could be used clinically to assess anterior pituitary function

A

stress - insulin induced hypoglycemia

26
Q

Insluin induced hypoglycemia produces…

A

increased prolactin, ACTH, GH, Cortisol, Beta-endorphin

27
Q

hypothalmic releasing hormones are synthesized in …

A

parvocellular neurons

28
Q

hypothalmic releasing hormones are transported via axons to the….

A

median eminence

29
Q

hypothalmic releasing hormones are released from nerve terminal into the …

A

hypophyseal portal vein

30
Q

Excitatory hypothalamic releasing hormones

A

thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

31
Q

Inhibitory hypothalamic releasing hormones

A

somatostatin (decreases GH)

dopamine (decreases prolactin)

32
Q

hypothalamic releasing hormones are secreted into the …

A

Primary pelxus

33
Q

hypothalamic releasing hormones are carried to the pituitary cells via the …

A

portal vein

34
Q

hypothalamic releasing hormones are delivered to the pituitary cells at the …

A

secondary plexus

35
Q

what hormonal changes occur after pituitary stalk section?

A

prolactin increases

all others decrease

36
Q

diabetes insipidus results from a loss of

A

vasopressin secretion

37
Q

diabetes insipidus etiology

A

head trauma –> sever pit. stalk
autoimmune
idiopathic

38
Q

diabetes insipidus symptoms

A

polyurea –> excessive urination

Polydypsia –> excessive thirst

39
Q

diabetes insipidus treatment

A

desamino VP –>retains H2O in kidney without raising BP

40
Q

Galactorrhea-amenorrhea

A

hyperprolactinemia with cessation of menstration

41
Q

galactorrhea-amenorrhea etiology

A

microadenoma that results in high levels of blood prolactin

the decrease in FSH and LH lead to cessation of menstruation

42
Q

Galactorrhea-amenorrhea treatment

A

surgery

pharmacology –> Dopamine receptor agonist

NRO (22 decks)

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