note 3 Flashcards
What is the Toulmin method
a style of argumentation that breaks down arguments
six components of the Toulmin method
- Claim
- Grounds
- warrant
- backing
- rebuttal
- qualifier
who made the Toulmin Method
Stephen Edelson (author/educator)
Claim
The statement the speaker wants the audience to believe
Grounds
The foundation for the claim
Warrant
The logic that connects your evidence to the claim
what are the six types of warrants
Generalization Analogy Sign Causality Authority Principle
Warrant based on Generalization
what is true for some is likely true for the whole
Warrant based on analogy
What is true in one situation is true of another, they share key characteristics
Warrant based on sign
One thing indicated the outcome of something else
ex; symptoms to disease
Warrant based on Causality
One thing causes another
ex; too much sugar = health conditions
Warrant based on Authority
an indication something is true because a group affirms it to be true
ex; scientist say climate change is real
Warrant based on Principle
An agreed upon value
ex; parents should love their kids
principle
value
If the audience doesn’t accept your warrant
they won’t accept your argument.
backing
the evidence for the warrant
rebuttal
counterargument to claim
qualifier
degree of certainty in your argument
claim example
school should ban soda from campuses
grounds ex.
banning soda would protect health
warrants ex.
- poor diet = health problems
2. schools should protect students
backing ex.
sugary drinks and obesity
rebuttal ex.
students can drink soda at home
Name of article read
The secret social media lives of teenagers
Author of article
Ana Homayoun
